老年人数字素养自评量表的编制与应用

Development and Application of Self-Rating Digital Literacy Measurement for Older Adults

准确评估老年人的数字素养水平可以帮助老年群体提高社会适应力,进而唤醒老龄人口的潜能,促进社会的可持续发展。然而已有的针对公民数字素养的测量,通常基于大规模社会调查题项,且没有考虑人群的异质性。开发一个专门对标老年人数字素养发展能力标准且经过教育和心理测量学手段检验的自评量表,有助于更精准地把握老年人在数字素养不同维度上的发展水平与提高方向。基于老年人媒介与信息素养评估框架编制的老年人数字素养自评量表,从内部结构来看,是一个二阶三因子五维度模型。它包括数字实践技能、数字学习意识和数字付费意识三个因子,其中数字实践技能又包括安全管理与应用、需求与获取、理解与评鉴三个维度。经检验,该量表信效度良好。利用该自评量表对老年人的数字素养水平和相关影响因素进行评估发现:当前老年人数字素养虽然总体上已超过中等水平,但在数字付费意识方面较为薄弱;低学历、低收入、居住于乡镇的老年人数字素养水平较低;仅与配偶同住的老年人数字素养更高;身体健康状况越好的老年人数字素养水平也越高。

Assessing the digital literacy of older adults accurately can enhance their social adaptability,awaken the potential of the aging population in order to promote the sustainable development of our society.However,existing measurements of citizen’s digital literacy are often based on large-scale social surveys,neglecting the heterogeneity of the population.To develop a self-rating scale specifically tailored to the older adults’development of digital literacy,validated by educational assessment and psychometric properties,can help precisely understand the developmental levels and improvement directions of older adults in different dimensions of digital literacy.Based on the framework of media and information literacy for older adults,the self-rating scale for digital literacy of older adults is structured as a second-order,three-factor and five-dimension model.It includes three factors:skills in digital practice,awareness of learning digital skills and awareness of paying for digital services.Skills in digital practice comprises three dimensions:“security management and application”,“need and access”and“comprehension and criticism”.The scale demonstrates good reliability and validity by testing.This self-rating scale is used to assess the digital literacy levels of older adults and the influencing factors.The results reveal that although the overall digital literacy of older adults exceeds the moderate level,there is a weakness in awareness of paying for digital services.Older adults with lower educational attainment,lower income and residing in rural areas exhibit lower digital literacy levels.Those living only with their spouses tend to have higher digital literacy levels.Moreover,older adults with better physical health exhibit higher levels of digital literacy.