媒介化视域下在线教学的问题与对策

Problems of Online Teaching and Learning and Solutions from the Perspective of Mediatization

随着媒介对于社会各方面的深度介入,我们已经进入“媒介化社会”。作为知识传播和人际交往的重要领域,教育也深受“媒介化”的影响。2020—2022年新冠疫情期间的在线教学,就是以互联网连接为基础的媒介与平台深入且大规模影响教学领域的典型。虽然当前已有不少研究从不同角度对在线教学进行了考察,但从媒介化影响视角进行的探讨还较少。基于媒介化理论“传播型构”的视角,从媒介的物质性、行动者丛、指引框架和传播实践四个角度出发,对疫情期间微博上有关在线教学的热门发帖和评论进行分析发现:在“极端”媒介化的特殊状态下,在线教学行动者游走于物理空间和虚拟空间中,教学上呈现出整体的单向度和规训强化的倾向,参与双方在适应的过程中都表现出了相对消极的接受态度,教学空间中关系的连接和互动意愿都有所弱化。“教以成人”是教育的原点和旨归,也是在线教学的基本遵循。教学参与者应转变规训思维,回归教学本质;增强学生学习的主动性,以连接对抗焦虑;积极拥抱媒介平台,探索多形式互动模式,将教学从由上至下的知识传递转变为多主体发力的知识空间拓展。

With the deep involvement of media in all aspects of the society,we have entered the“mediated society”.As an important field of knowledge dissemination and interpersonal communication,education is deeply influenced by“mediatization”.Online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2022 is a typical example of the deep and large-scale impact of Internet-connected media and platforms on the teaching field.Although there are lots of research on online teaching from different angles,there are few research from the perspective of mediatization.Based on the framework of“communicative figuration”,which consists of materiality of the media,constellations of actors,frames of relevance and the communication action,popular posts and comments on online teaching on Sina Weibo during the epidemic period are analyzed and results are found as follows.In the special state of“extreme”mediatization,online teaching actors walk in physical space and virtual space,reflecting the tendency of the overall one-dimensionality and discipline strengthening of teaching,while both the teaching and learning participants show a relatively negative acceptance in the process of adaptation,and the willingness to actively connect and interact with each other in the teaching space tends to be weakened.“Teaching to make a person”is the origin and purport of education,and also the basic guideline of online teaching.Teaching participants should change their traditional regulatory thinking and return to the essence of teaching,enhance students’learning initiative against anxiety,actively embrace media platforms to explore multiple modes of interaction,transforming teaching and learning from top-down knowledge transfer to horizontal knowledge space expansion supported by multiple subjects.