薄壁筒零件切削振动声学特性与试验研究

Acoustic characteristics and test study of cutting vibration for thin-walled cylinder parts

针对薄壁筒工件切削噪声问题,利用理论建模、数值仿真和试验分析相结合的方法,研究切削加工过程中薄壁筒振动声学特性及其与加工表面形貌的内在关联。建立薄壁筒工件辐射声场模型,根据动态切削力、结构振动和切削噪声三者之间的内在关系,数值仿真获得不同激振频率下工件表面、周围空间的声压分布情况。开展薄壁筒工件切削振动试验,分析获得切削过程中系统振动声学响应信号特性与工件表面形貌特征的映射关系;提取切削路径上声压信号振动频率的时变特征,结合工件尺寸和切削用量等参数,重构预测薄壁筒切削加工表面形貌,结果与实测表面具有一致性。研究成果可为智能制造环境下薄壁筒类零件切削表面质量的在线监测或预测提供一种新思路。

Here,aiming at the problem of cutting noise of thin-walled cylinder workpieces,a combination of theoretical modeling,numerical simulation and test analysis was used to study acoustic characteristics of thin-walled cylinder vibration during cutting and inherent correlations between them and machined surface morphology to establish a radiation sound field model for thin-walled cylinder workpieces,and numerically simulate sound pressure distribution on workpiece surface and surrounding space under different excitation frequencies based on inherent relations among dynamic cutting force,structural vibration and cutting noise.Cutting vibration tests for thin-walled cylinder workpieces were conducted to analyze and obtain the mapping relation between acoustic response signal characteristics of system vibration and surface morphology features of workpiece in cutting process.Time-varying features of sound pressure signal vibration frequency along cutting path were extracted,these features were combined with parameters of workpiece size and cutting amount to reconstruct and predict cutting surface morphology of thin-walled cylinder.It was shown that the predicted results are consistent with the measured results for surface;the study results can provide a new idea for online monitoring or predicting cutting surface quality of thin-walled cylinder parts in intelligent manufacturing environment.