基于健康信念模型的公众口腔疾病抗生素自用药行为影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Antibiotic Self-medication Behavior for Oral Diseases Based on the Health Belief Model

目的:了解公众口腔疾病抗生素自用药行为现状、抗生素使用的健康信念及其影响因素。方法:2022年1月5—31日通过网络招募的方式选取研究对象,基于健康信念模型自编问卷进行抗生素使用的健康信念调查,采用单因素分析、二元logistic回归模型进行分析。结果:24.5%的调查对象发生口腔疾病时采取抗生素自用药行为,23.8%的调查对象在口腔科就诊时主动要求使用抗生素治疗;不同年龄、婚姻状况以及社会经济地位自评的调查对象抗生素使用健康信念评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相比男性,女性发生口腔疾病时自行使用抗生素的概率更低;随着调查对象抗生素健康信念维度中感知障碍、自我效能得分的增加,其口腔疾病抗生素自用药行为风险降低,但随着其感知严重性的得分增加,该风险将增加。结论:重点关注青年和老年人群体的口腔健康,增强其对抗生素使用的风险认知和行为校正。针对部分公众口腔疾病抗生素自用药行为,需进行针对性的口腔健康宣教活动,促进患者积极就医,提高口腔健康水平。

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of the public’s antibiotic use behavior for oral diseases,the health beliefs of antibiotic use,as well as their influencing factors,identify key factors,and provide a basis for the formulation of tar⁃geted intervention measures and health education.METHODS Participants were recruited through the internet,and a self-devel⁃oped questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model(HBM)was used to investigate health beliefs on antibiotic use.Single-fac⁃tor analysis and binary logistic regression models were employed.The questionnaire consisted of five dimensions:perceived severi⁃ty,perceived susceptibility,perceived barriers,perceived benefits,and self-efficacy.RESULTS 24.5%of respondents took anti⁃biotics for oral diseases without prescription,and 23.8%of respondents requested antibiotic treatment when visiting the dental clin⁃ic.There was a significant difference in the scores of antibiotic use health belief among respondents of different age groups,emotion⁃al states,and self-rated socioeconomic status.In comparison to males,females were at lower risk of using antibiotics for oral dis⁃eases on their own.As respondents’scores in perceived barriers and self-efficacy increased,the risk of self-medication with antibi⁃otics for oral diseases decreased,whereas the risk increased with the increase in perceived severity scores.CONCLUSION Antibiot⁃ic-related health education activities play a significant role on improving the irrational use of antibiotics among residents.It is essen⁃tial to focus on young and elderly populations,and enhance their risk awareness and behavior correction regarding antibiotic use.For the behavior of some public using antibiotics on their own for oral diseases,targeted educational activities should be developed for different populations.Particularly,the higher health beliefs of married middle-aged parents in family structures should be used to spread relevant knowledge to the entire family,promote active medical treatment,and enhance oral health levels.