叠加阀片式减振器建模与结构参数优化

Modeling and structural parameters optimizing of a shock absorber with multiple valve plates

减振器是悬架的重要部件,其阻尼特性直接影响车辆的平顺性和操纵稳定性。如何确定最佳阻尼特性曲线,进而反求出减振器的结构参数,是悬架设计的关键技术。以客车前悬架的叠加阀片式减振器为例,基于阻尼力产生机理建立其物理模型,并通过减振器阻尼特性试验验证该模型的精度。在建立空气悬架客车动力学模型基础上,以操纵稳定性为约束,平顺性为优化目标,获得减振器的最优阻尼特性曲线。分析结构参数对阻尼特性的敏感性,以最优阻尼特性曲线为目标,开展叠加阀片式减振器的物理模型参数优化,反求得到减振器的结构参数。最后根据反求的减振器结构参数加工了产品原型。减振器阻尼特性试验结果表明,优化后的减振器结构参数能可靠获得目标阻尼特性。

The ride comfort and handling stability of the vehicle are directly affected by the damping characteristics of shock absorbers,which are essential components of the suspension.Inversely calculating the structural parameters of the shock absorber after determining the optimal damping characteristic curve is the key technology in suspension design.Taking the shock absorber with multiple valve plates of a bus front suspension as an example,the physical model was established based on the mechanism of damping force generation,and the accuracy of the model was verified through experiments on the damping characteristics of the damper.The dynamics model of the bus with air suspension was established,and the optimal damping characteristic curve of the shock absorber was obtained by using handling stability as a constraint and ride comfort as an optimization objective.With the optimal damping characteristic curve as the objective,the physical model parameters of the shock absorber with multiple valve plates were optimized,and thereby the structural parameters of the shock absorber were identified.A product prototype was produced according to the optimized structural parameters.The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized damper structural parameters can reliably achieve the target damping characteristics.