论保证债务诉讼时效的起算

On the Commencement of the Statute of Limitations for Guaranteed Obligations

《民法典》第694条对保证债务诉讼时效起算的规定,应当在《民法典》第188条第2款之一般起算标准的框架内予以解释,而不能完全排除一般起算标准的适用。对第694条规定的一般保证债务和连带责任保证债务诉讼时效起算标准,均应作目的性缩限解释,而不宜仅依据文义解释。保证债务履行期限是否届满对一般起算标准的认定(行使权利的法律障碍消除)具有重要影响。基于并行说,保证期间和保证债务诉讼时效分别计算,原则上不发生关联。

The provisions of Article 694 of the Civil Code on the commencement of the statute of limitations for suretyship obligation should be interpreted within the framework of the general standard of commencement in Article 188(2)of the Civil Code,and the application of the general standard of commencement should not be completely excluded.Article 694 provides a purposive interpretation of the statute of limitations for both general guaranty debt and joint suretyship debt,which may only be applied in certain special circumstances.The expiry of the period of performance of the guaranteed debt has a significant impact on the determination of the general standard for commencement(the removal of legal obstacles to the exercise of rights).Based on the parallelism,the warranty period and the statute of limitations for the suretyship obligation are calculated separately and not connected in principle.