混合共同担保人相互求偿的证成与理论构造

Affirmative Argumentation and Theoretical Construction of Contribution Rights Between Mixed Joint Sureties

担保人之间能否相互求偿的争议可追溯至罗马法,最终分担请求权的确立为肯定论奠定了根基。在释义学层面,当债务人无清偿能力且担保人之间没有明确约定是否能够相互求偿时,混合共同担保人可以通过类推适用《民法典》第524条实现相互求偿。虽然《民法典》第524条的本意在于规制第三人代为清偿,但实际上却为求偿权补足了代位权,使担保人能够获得附属于债权上的担保权利。物上担保人与保证人作为具有合法利益的第三人,因清偿取得清偿代位权,承受债权人对债务人的权利,包括附随于债权上的担保权利,并以新的债权人的名义向其他担保人在应分担的责任额度内主张求偿。该路径可扩展适用于包括共同保证、共同抵押在内的所有共同担保的类型。

The controversy over the mutual claims between sureties dates back to Roman law.The establishment of contribution rights eventually laid the foundation for affirmation.At the hermeneutic level,when the debtor is insolvent and there is no express agreement between mixed joint sureties whether they have the right of contribution,the mixed joint sureties can realize the right of contribution by analogy with Article 524 of the Civil Code.Although Article 524 of the Civil Code is intended to regulate third-party performance,it actually supplements the right of subrogation for the claim,so that mixed joint sureties can obtain security interests attached to the claim.Mixed joint sureties as third parties with legitimate interests,acquire the right of subrogation for satisfaction of debts and bear the creditor’s rights against the debtor,including security interests attached to the creditor’s rights.In the name of the new creditor,mixed joint sureties claim against the other sureties within the limit of liability.This route can be extended to all types of joint guarantees,including co-suretyship and joint mortgage.