《诗经》周人居住建筑的文化蕴涵

The Cultural Implication of Zhou People s Residential Architecture in The Book of Songs

《诗经》蕴涵的居住建筑文化是周人日常生活文化的组成部分,它真实地反映了西周初年到春秋中叶周人居住建筑文化样貌。《诗经》周人的居住建筑文化是由居住建筑方式、居住建筑格局、居住建筑习俗等要素构成的。其中居住建筑方式有“宫、室、屋、宅、家、居、盘、宇、穴”等;居住建筑格局有“堂、庭、寝庙、仓、廪、厩”等;居住建筑习俗有“居住建筑选址仪式、居住建筑落成仪式”等。以上各要素融合、统一、凝聚形成了周人居住建筑文化的特质,反映出周人的居住建筑是以井田制为基础,以家庭血缘伦理关系为纽带,以现实生产、生活需要为宗旨的整体文化蕴涵。《诗经》居住建筑文化是周人在这一历史时期、这一地域物质活动和精神活动的总结。

The residential architectual culture contained in The Book of Songs is an integral part of Zhou People s Daily life culture,which truly reflects the appearance of Zhou people s residential architectual culture from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn period.The residential architectual culture of Zhou people in The Book of Songs is composed of residential architectual mode,residential architectual pattern,residential architectual customs,and so on.The kinds of housing include gong,shi,wu,zhai,jia,ju,pan,yu,and xue,some of whose terms do not share the same meaning with their modern counterparts.The patterns of architectual involve halls(tang),courtyards(ting),shrines(qinmiao),storehouses(cang and lin).Living customs refer to site selection ceremonies,completion ceremonies,house decoration and facility installation,and so on.These elements constitute a complex and yet integrated picture of housing and architectural culture of the Zhou Dynasty.This culture is formed along with other important elements of the Zhou society,such as the well-field system,kinship ties,and the social production mode.Thus,The Book of Songs can be seen as a summary of the human activities,both material and spiritual,of this period.