不忍之忍:儒家的生态伦理智慧论析

The Tolerance of Intolerance:An Analysis of Confucianism s Eco-Ethical Wisdom

儒家非常注重人与自然的关系问题,儒家虽然保护环境,但也承认生态的适度开发原则,这种做法主要表现为“不忍”与“忍”。虽然儒家以“不忍”作为一种普遍的道德情感,在有关生态伦理的问题上,多强调“不忍之心”。但是,在关键时刻人们也需要“忍而为之”,虽然这是一种稍显残忍狠心的做法,可却是一种对待生态适度开发的策略:“忍”可以对生态系统进行适度的调适与利用。“忍”的最终目的还是为了回到更深层次的“不忍”,正是这样一种对待大自然的“不忍之忍”,能够再度激发出人们内心深处的“不忍之心”。

Confucianism attaches great importance to the relationship between human beings and nature.Although Confucianism protects the environment,it also recognizes the principle of moderate ecological exploitation,which is mainly manifested in the practice of“intolerance”and“tolerance”.Although Confucianism takes“intolerance”as a universal moral sentiment,it emphasizes“intolerant heart”in ecological ethical issues.However,at critical moments,people need to be“tolerant”.Although this is a slightly cruel and ruthless approach,it is a strategy for moderate ecological development:“tolerance”allows for moderate adaptation and utilization of the ecosystem.The ultimate purpose of“tolerance”is to return to a deeper level of“intolerance”,and it is this kind of“intolerance of tolerance”towards nature that can once again stimulate people s innermost It is this kind of“tolerance of intolerance”towards nature that can once again stimulate people s innermost“intolerant heart”.