产学研专利合作的形成机理及实证研究

Formation Mechanism and Empirical Research of IUR Patent Cooperation

鉴于产学研专利合作是推动产业结构升级和中国经济高质量发展的有力抓手之一,本文将合作项目视为潜在合作企业间为获取高校知识或技术的博弈均衡,并依据中国高等院校与企业之间专利合作的微观样本数据,分析了高校参与产学研合作的动力,建立离散博弈模型揭示了企业之间的竞争博弈行为,并分析了高校与企业匹配合作对象的双向选择性偏好及其非对称性。研究发现,与高校合作的潜在合作企业之间存在显著的博弈竞争关系;“强强联合”是产学研专利合作的主流模式,潜在合作伙伴的科研实力是首要影响因素;社会距离、地理距离和认知距离对高等院校与企业合作申请专利均具有非对称效应。最后,为促进研发高质量产学研合作专利和增强科技发展政策的效能,本研究认为:在国家层面应加快双一流大学建设,以提升全社会产学研合作意愿;在地方层面应发挥地方政府的主导作用,以推动区域产学研合作;在企业层面可搭建开放创新平台,促进与科研院校的“强强联合”。

In view of the fact that industry-university-research(IUR)patent cooperation is one of the important ways to promote the upgrading of industrial structure and the high-quality development of China's economy,this paper regards the cooperation project as a game equilibrium between potential cooperative enterprises to obtain the knowledge of universities or technologies,and analyzes the driving force of universities'participation in IUR cooperation based on the micro-sample data of patent cooperation between Chinese universities and enterprises.A discrete game model is established to reveal the competitive game behavior between enterprises,and the bidirectional selective preference and asymmetry of matching cooperation objects between universities and enterprises are analyzed.It is found that there is a significant game competition relationship between potential cooperative enterprises cooperating with universities;"Strong alliance"is the mainstream mode of IUR patent cooperation,and the research strength of potential partners is the primary influencing factor;social distance,geographical distance and cognitive distance have asymmetric effect on patent application between universities and enterprises.Finally,in order to promote the research and development of high-quality IUR cooperation patents and enhance the efficiency of science and technology development policies,the paper puts forward suggestions that the construction of double first-class universities should be accelerated at the national level to enhance the willingness of the whole society to achieve IUR cooperation;at the local level,local governments should play a leading role to promote regional IUR cooperation;enterprises can build an open innovation platform to promote their"strong alliance"with research institutions.