当代西方女性主义认识论的困境与出路——基于身体哲学的诠释

The Dilemma and Solution of Contemporary Western Feminist Epistemology-Interpretation Based on Body Philosophy

女性主义认识论作为一种独特的思维方法,与现实的女性主义运动所遭遇的困境具有密切联系。如何在女性的差异和多元之间达到平衡是女性主义哲学要面对的现实问题,该问题指向一个认识论上的困境——具有各方面差异的女性达成共识的可能、不同性质的知识如何实现共享以及在尊重差异的基础上不滑向认识论的相对主义。为了解决这一困境,唐娜·哈拉维提出了“情境化知识”理论,它是当代女性主义认识论中比较具有代表性的理论。哈拉维的“情境化知识”理论在某种程度上和莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂的身体理论具有契合性,后者从身体角度批判了传统认识论,试图建立一种属于身体—主体的交互性和共存性,为当代西方女性主义认识论困境的解决提供了全新的方法。索尼娅·克鲁克斯借鉴了梅洛-庞蒂的身体哲学,以实现对“起源认识论”的超越,为女性主义认识论寻找新的出路。

Feminist epistemology,as a unique way of thinking,is closely related to the dilemma encountered by the feminist movement in reality.How to achieve a balance between the differences and diversity of women is a practical problem that feminist philosophy needs to face,which points to an epistemological dilemma:the possibility of women with various differences reaching consensus,how to achieve sharing of knowledge of different natures,and how to respect differences without slipping into epistemological relativism.In order to solve this dilemma,Donna Haraway's“situated knowledges”is a representative theory in contemporary feminist epistemology.The“situated knowledges”is in accord with Maurice Merleau-Ponty's body theory to some extent.The latter criticized the traditional epistemology from the perspective of the body and tried to establish a kind of body-subject interaction and co-existence,which provided a new way to solve the epistemological dilemma of contemporary Western feminism.Sonia Kruks draws on Maurice Merleau-Ponty's body philosophy to transcend the“epis‐temology of provenance”and find a new way out for feminist epistemology.