剧场的公共性:论卡巴莱在德意志民主共和国的起源和发展

The Publicity of Theatre:On the Origin and Development of Cabaret in the German Democratic Republic

举办各种活动和聚会的人际交流场所有时可转化成辩论及反思的场域。这个半公半私的空间具有哈贝马斯眼中公共领域的积极性,各种知识信息都在其中传递,不同的生活样貌也随之呈现。卡巴莱是这个空间中常见的一种表演形式,演员以讽刺的口吻、批判的眼光,搭配专属的服装和道具,与观众一同针砭时弊、抒发己意。卡巴莱的发展历史、创作理念与社会功能都表明其对德意志民主共和国的公共领域有着重要意义。卡巴莱的剧场空间对形塑人民的自我意识与共筑“想象的共同体”起着积极作用。它以鲜明的风格建构了另类公共空间,也成为德意志民主共和国艺术领域的一个特色。

A place of interpersonal communication that holds various activities and parties may change to a field of debate and reflection.The semi-public and semi-private space has the positivity of the public sphere in Habermas's eyes,in which all kinds of knowledge and information are transmitted,and different life styles are presented.Cabaret is a common form of performance in this space.The actors use a satirical tone,critical vision,and exclusive costumes and props to criticize the maladies of the times and express their opinions with the audience.The development history,creative ideas and social functions of cabaret all show that it was of great significance to the public sphere of the German Democratic Republic.The theatrical space of cabaret has an active role in shaping people's self-awareness and building an“imaginary community”together.It constructs an alternative public space with a distinctive style,and it has also become a prominent feature in the art field in the German Democratic Republic.