沈宠绥曲唱正音观念发微

On Shen Chongsui’s Concept of Singing and Pronunciation

晚明是曲学脱离诗学传统而独立为专门之学的重要时期,词与乐之间的关系向分体式发展过渡。晚明曲学家沈宠绥将曲唱之学提高到了理论层面,与彼时的研究趋势相耦合。他在前代音韵学成果的基础上,提出正音、辨讹、合俗的曲唱要求,具体为:规定宗韵方法以明确曲唱正音;建立口法系统以解决土音土腔;适当保留俗唱以顺应语音的自然流变。沈宠绥启发了后世关于曲唱、表演、舞台艺术等层面的讨论,带来了晚明曲学的转向。曲学家对曲唱的深度参与,使得昆腔南曲的精致化、标准化、文人化倾向越来越突出,最终带来了清代昆曲的全面兴盛。

The late Ming dynasty was an important period for the study of Qüwhich broke away from the traditional study of poetry and became an independent and specialized study;meanwhile,the relationship between word and music was in transition to split.Shen Chongsui,a musicologist of this period,raised the study of Qüsinging to a theoretical level,which was in line with the research trend of the time.On the basis of previous phonological achievements,he put forward the requirements for correcting pronunciation,distinguishing errors and conforming to customs,which are as follows:establishing the authoritative rhymes to correct pronunciation;stipulating the oral method system to avoid the pronunciation and tone of dialects;and preserving a certain amount of folk singing to conform to the natural change of pronunciation.Shen Chongsui inspires the discussion on the aspects of singing,performance and stage art in later generations,and brings about a turning point in the study of Qüin the late Ming dynasty.The thorough participation of Qüexperts in Kunqu singing promotes the refinement,standardization,and literati tendency of Kunqu,which ultimately contributes to the overall prosperity of Kunqu in the Qing dynasty.