行高于人,众必非之?同事对“好公民”的贬损机制研究

The Extraordinary in the Ordinary Will Attract Widespread Criticism?The Undermining Implications of Bystander Coworkers for Good Citizens

本研究构建了同事对“好公民”进行社会贬损的过程机制和条件。基于社会比较理论,本研究认为旁观同事社会比较的过程中,容易受到“好公民”相对领导-成员交换关系的影响,产生妒忌情绪,继而使其对“好公民”施行社会贬损。采取全循环的研究设计,本研究对四时点的121个团队中的809对员工-同事配对数据进行了多水平路径分析。结果表明:组织公民行为与相对领导-成员交换关系呈正相关;相对领导-成员交换关系与职场妒忌呈倒U型关系;组织公民行为通过相对领导-成员交换关系的中介作用与职场妒忌呈倒U型关系;组织公民行为通过相对领导-成员交换关系和职场妒忌的链式中介作用与社会贬损呈倒U型关系;特质感恩在相对领导-成员交换关系与职场妒忌,以及组织公民行为与同事社会贬损之间具有负向调节作用。本研究揭示了旁观同事为何以及何时对“好公民”施行社会贬损,为组织有效防范“好公民”受到贬损提供理论指导。

This study explores the motivations and conditions under which bystander coworkers may inflict social undermining on"good citizen".Drawing upon social comparison theory,we suggest that bystander coworkers are susceptible to the influence of the relative leader-member exchange relationship of"good citizens"in the process of social comparisons,which induces coworker's envy to the greatest extent possible,and then motivates them to inflict social undermining on"good citizens".Our hypotheses were generally supported in field study with four time points involving a total of 809 dyads of round-robin data from 121 teams.Organizational citizenship behavior is positively related to relative leader-member exchange,and has an inverted U-shaped relationship with social undermining via the mediating role of relative leader-member exchange.Organizational citizenship behavior has an inverted U-shaped relationship with social undermining via the chain mediating roles of relative leader-member exchange and workplace envy.Trait gratitude has a moderating effect on relationship between relative leader-member exchange and workplace envy,and the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and social undermining.This study contributes to a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of the influences of organizational citizenship behavior.