含缺陷陶瓷材料强度预测的研究现状

Research Progress in Strength Prediction of Ceramic Materials with Flaws

陶瓷具有轻质、高硬、耐磨等优异性能,但在结构材料领域的实际应用仍极为谨慎,根本原因在于陶瓷的缺陷敏感性及尚不完善的陶瓷失效预测理论。介绍了陶瓷制备过程中常见的缺陷,分析了陶瓷强度随机分布的物理本质,综述了缺陷作用下陶瓷强度预测的研究现状;提出未来可综合运用无损检测、原位测试和计算机模拟技术,探究缺陷致裂机制及陶瓷强度响应定量规律,同时关注在实际服役环境(疲劳、热冲击等)下缺陷对陶瓷强度的影响。

Ceramics have numerous excellent properties such as low density,high hardness and wear resistance,but their practical applications in the structural materials field are still extremely cautious.The fundamental reasons are the flaw sensitivity of ceramics and the imperfect theory of ceramic failure prediction.The common flaws in the process of ceramic preparation are introduced,and the physical nature of the random distribution of ceramic strength is analyzed,and then the research status of strength prediction in ceramics under the action of flaws is summarized.It is pointed out that non-destructive testing,in-situ testing and computer simulation technology could be comprehensively used in the future to explore the mechanism of flaw inducing cracking and the quantitative law of ceramic-strength response,and meanwhile attention should be paid to the influence of flaws on ceramic-strength in the actual service environment(fatigue,thermal shock,etc.).