室内外夜间灯光暴露的健康效应研究进展

Review on health effects of indoor and outdoor artificial light at night

在全球高强度、高密度的城市建设背景下,越来越多的城市居民暴露在夜晚过亮的人造灯光中,夜间人造灯光(ALAN)的健康影响逐渐成为全球性的公共卫生问题。自世界卫生组织启动“健康城市”项目以来,探讨包括ALAN在内的建成环境要素对公共健康的影响已逐渐成为国际上新的交叉学科研究热点,既有的涉及室内外ALAN的流行病学研究已发现ALAN对不同人群的健康有多重负面影响。然而目前,国内还没有综述总结过ALAN的健康效应。文章系统介绍了国内外有关室内外ALAN的健康效应的研究进展,简述了ALAN对睡眠、肥胖、肿瘤、心血管疾病、代谢性疾病、认知功能、心理健康等多种健康结局的负面影响。本文认为,目前研究仍存在暴露评估误差较大、发展中国家研究匮乏、研究因果论证效力较弱、混杂因素较难控制等局限。未来的研究应当完善流行病学研究设计,开展定量研究,探索潜在机制,为完善城市照明规划、优化城市建筑设计等提供科学证据。

A growing number of urban dwellers are being exposed to excessively bright artificial night light induced by the development of high-intensity,high-density cities around the world.The adverse health effects of artificial light at night(ALAN)are increasingly becoming a global public health issue.Investigating the effects of built environment,especially ALAN,on public health has progressively developed into a cross-disciplinary research hotspot since the World Health Organization launched the Healthy Cities Project.Numerous studies found the links between ALAN and multiple negative health outcomes.However,to date,no review has summarized the health impacts of ALAN in China.This article systematically outlined the progress of research on the health effects of indoor and outdoor ALAN,including sleep disorders,obesity,cancers,cardiovascular diseases,metabolic diseases,cognitive function,and mental health.We pointed out the limitations of current research such as errors in exposure assessment,lack of research in developing countries,weak causal argument,and difficulty in controlling confounding factors.Future research should improve study design,conduct quantitative studies,and explore potential mechanisms,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving urban lighting planning and urban architectural design.