美国对华心理战的操作、逻辑、影响与应对

The Operations,Logic,Influence,and Responses of the United States'Psychological Warfare Against China

美国五角大楼1946年出版的《心理战大纲》将心理战定义为“使用宣传或其他具有军事属性的相似手段在与敌国的对抗中获胜的方法”。在认知域日渐成为中美战略博弈主要场域的背景下,美国对华心理战的具体操作包括:塑造议题、攻其不备;骤施强压、关键替代;轻诺寡信、出尔反尔;恶化形象、挑拨离间;动员民众、增强弹性。该战法的底层逻辑是:通过制造意外情境,诱发对象国决策层出现心理失衡和行动错乱,进而使对象国承受物质损失、计划失败,甚至国家崩溃等物理域的严重后果。美国在对华战略与政策中实施心理战的自控能力和道德底线日益降低,这将给中国的经济发展和外交格局、美国的战略运筹和全球霸权、中美关系,乃至全球局势均造成消极影响。为有效应对美国对华心理战,中国必须拓宽心理防线、增强心理弹性;凝聚社会共识、直面客观问题;疏通传播渠道、加强国际共情;反向战术破袭、渐趋攻守平衡。

The Pentagon's A Syllabus of Psychological Warfare,published in 1946,defined psychological warfare as"the method of winning a confrontation against an enemy with propaganda or other similar means of military nature".In the context that the cognitive domain is becoming the main field of the Sino-US strategic game,the specifc operations of the United States'psychological warfare against China include:shaping issue and attacking the unprepared;conducting sudden pressure and providing key substitution;lying and backsliding;deteriorating image and sowing discord;mobilizing people and building resilience.The underlying logic of this method of warfare is to induce the opponent into psychological imbalance by creating unexpected situations,causing theopponent to act disorderlyand then to suffer serious physical consequences such as material lossesplan failure and even national collapse.The United States'self-control ability and moral bottom line in implementing psychological warfare in its China strategy and policy are decreasing,which will have a negative impact on China's economic development and diplomatic pattern,US strategic planning and global hegemony,Sino-US relations,and even the global structure.In order to effectively deal with the US psychological warfare,China must broaden its psychological defenseenhance psychological resiliencecondense social consensus,face objective problemsdredge communication channels,strengthen international empathy,counterattack wisely,and gradually move towards a balance between attack and defense.