惩罚性赔偿对新闻版权侵权的治理意义——基于350份侵权诉讼判决书的分析

The Significance of Punitive Damages for the Governance of News Copyright Infringement--Analysis Based on 350 Press Copyright Infringement Lawsuit Decisions

通过350例新闻版权诉讼的分析发现:低赔偿额无力实现全面赔偿;“反复侵权”的现象并不鲜见;举证困难使得“酌情”判罚成为普遍现象,并已表现出对“主观故意”的考量。随着《民法典》和2020年《著作权法》对惩罚性赔偿的引入,在新闻版权诉讼中对其恰当适用具有制度基础和现实意义:可望实现全面赔偿;其惩罚属性又与新闻作品的公共属性适配,排除“不当得利”的疑虑;更重要的是,仅作为民事侵权赔偿例外的惩罚性赔偿案例可以形成示范效应遏制潜在侵权、倡导新闻版权意识。这对媒介融合语境下新闻版权新秩序的建构具有推动作用,也是尚待细化的惩罚性赔偿在版权领域的具体探索。

Analysis of 350 cases of press copyright litigation reveals that:low damages are unable to achieve full compensation;the phenomenon of“repeated infringement”is not uncommon;the difficulty of proof makes all cases“discretionary”and has shown the consideration of“subjective intent”.The“subjective intention”has been taken into consideration.With the introduction of punitive damages in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China and the Copyright Law of 2020,the proper application of punitive damages in press copyright litigation has institutional basis and practical significance:it is expected to achieve full compensation;its punitive property is appropriate to the public property of press works,eliminating the doubt of“unjust enrichment”;more importantly,it is only More importantly,punitive damages,as an exception to civil infringement,can serve as a model to curb potential infringement and promote awareness of journalistic copyright.This is also a concrete exploration of punitive damages in the copyright field,which has yet to be refined.