中国近代新闻界职业道德实践发端的“自然史”——基于社会建构论的视角

Research on the Natural History of the Origin of Professional Ethics Practice in Modern Chinese Journalism--From the Perspective of Social Constructionism

清朝末期,中国新闻界风气日下,为建构和维持行业文化合法性,部分商业性报馆最早提出了基于传统士儒伦理的职业美德观,在商办报业内特殊的互动形式——“道德战”中,职业活动被“类型化”,“报纸体例”被建构为中国近代新闻界最早的职业道德规范的初始形态,部分报馆通过制定馆内章程对职业道德进行制度化建设。各种条件诸如媒介环境、报纸性质、主要矛盾等,都在互动中形成合力,推动了近代新闻界职业道德建设与实践的“自然”发端。

In the late Qing Dynasty,the newspaper industry was plagued by rampant professional corruption.In order to ensure the stability and sustainability of the industry,some commercial presses were the first to advocate professional ethics based on traditional Confucian ethics.Under repeated appeals,discussions,and practices,“newspaper styles”evolved into the initial form of the professional ethics code of the newspaper industry,and some newspaper offices formulated internal regulations to institutionalize ethics codes.Various conditions,such as the media environment,the nature of the newspaper,the main aiming cover,and even the economic and political demands of practitioners,all form a force in the interweaving and interaction,which promotes the“natural”occurrence of professional ethics in modern journalism.