出生人口质量、人力资本与个体收入——基于低出生体重的视角

Newborn Population Quality,Human Capital and Individual Income:Based on the Perspective of Low Birth Weight

在“十四五”规划提出优化生育政策、促进人口长期均衡发展的背景下,本文利用2010年中国家庭追踪调查数据,从低出生体重的视角,探讨了出生人口质量对个体收入的影响及其作用机制。结果表明,低出生体重会显著降低个体收入水平。进一步的机制分析表明,人力资本中的内在认知能力、非认知能力与健康是低出生体重影响个体收入的主要渠道,并且后天干预不能弥补低出生体重对个体人力资本的负面影响。因此,政府在关注新生人口数量的同时,还需对出生人口质量给予足够重视,加强对妊娠期女性身心健康状况的干预,降低低出生体重发生率,提高出生人口质量。

Under the background of China's 14th Five-year Plan which aims to optimize the fertility policy and promote the long-term balanced development of the population,this paper studies the impact and the mechanism of the quality of newborn population on individual income by using data of the 2010 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from the perspective of low birth weight(LBW).The research results show that LBW can significantly reduce individual income.The mechanism tests suggest that the health human capital,internal cognitive skill and noncognitive skill are important channels for LBW to reduce individual income,and postnatal inputs cannot fully compensate the inherent deficiency brought by LBW.Therefore,the government should pay enough attention to the quality of newborn population,and it is necessary to strengthen the interventions on the physical and mental health of pregnant women,so as to reduce the incidence of LBW and improve the quality of newborn population.