集体霸权的概念、历史与当代挑战——国际社会理论的研究视角

The Concept,History and Contemporary Challenges to Collective Hegemony:From the Perspective of the Theory of International Societ

霸权是国际关系学研究中的重要概念,也是历史与现实中具有重大影响的政治实践。通过将霸权与集体霸权纳入国际社会权力结构类型的动态演绎,英国学派的国际社会理论为理解这两个概念提供了新的视角。19世纪“欧洲协调”是历史上集体霸权的典型案例,展现了以“体系理性”为代表的集体霸权运作原则。作为当代集体霸权的“七国集团”将权力优势与制度护持相结合,以维护西方主导的国际秩序,但其封闭性与内部同质性正面临国际竞争开放性与国际社会成员文化多样性的挑战。集体霸权在概念与实践上的演进,体现了西方大国构建的政治话语体系与权力分配机制,而以中国为代表的新兴国家的崛起,将提供一种更为多元的、兼顾公平与正义的全球治理替代方案。

Hegemony is an important concept in the study of International Relations.It has also been a political practice of great influence in history and the present.By incorporating hegemony and collective hegemony into the dynamic deduction of power structures within international society,the English School's theory of international society provides a new research approach for understanding these two concepts.The Concert of Europe in the 19th century is a typical case of collective hegemony in history,illustrating the principles reflected in raison de system.As the contemporary collective hegemony,the Group of Seven(G7)remarkably combines power advantages with institutional arrangement to preserve the international political and economic order led by Western powers.HHowever,G7's exclusiveness and internal homogeneity are faced with challenges from open international competition and the cultural diversity of the international society.The evolution of collective hegemony in concept and practice reflects the political discourse system and power distribution mechanism that Western powers have strived to maintain.The rise of China and other emerging countries will provide an alternative model of global governance that is fair and just.