从安全例外到规制合作——数字贸易中网络安全问题治理范式之转型

From Security Exception to Regulatory Cooperation:Paradigm Shift of Cybersecurity Governance in Digital Trade

如何兼顾数字贸易和网络安全是一项棘手难题。各国通常援引贸易协定中的安全例外条款,将违反数字贸易自由化义务的网络安全措施作为一项免责例外,但此种安全例外范式难以发挥应有作用。当前地缘经济竞争逐渐消解孕育安全例外范式的贸易和平论思潮,网络安全冲击传统国家安全观念形塑的WTO安全例外规则框架,新近缔结FTA中的数字化安全例外条款也不脱此种范式的窠臼。FTA网络安全合作规则昭示的规制合作范式契合数字贸易与网络安全之间的共存关系和互联网治理的多元利益攸关者模式。从安全例外范式转向规制合作范式要求各国就数字贸易政策去安全化形成共识,然后借助多种协调工具促进数字贸易措施的一致性。

How to balance digital trade and cybersecurity is a thorny challenge.The countries usually invoke the security exception clause in trade agreements to identify cybersecurity measures that violate digital trade liberalization obligations as the exemption from liability,but this security exception paradigm is difficult to play its due role.The current geo-economic competition is gradually dispelling the thought of peace through trade that breeds the paradigm of security exception.Cybersecurity has impacted the WTO security exception rule framework shaped by traditional national security concepts.The digitalization security exception clauses in the recently concluded FTAs still follow the beaten track.The regulatory cooperation paradigm embodied in cybersecurity cooperation rules of FTAs is in line with the coexistence relationship between digital trade and cybersecurity as well as the multi-stakeholder mode of Internet govermance.The shift from security exception paradigm to regulatory cooperation paradigm requires the countries to form a consensus on the desecuritization of digital trade policies and promote the consistency of digital trade measures with the help of a variety of coordination tools.