拜登政府对华经济安全战略论析

An Analysis of the Biden Administration's Economic Security Strategy Towards China

经济议题“泛安全化”是近年来美国对华经济政策的重要特征。拜登政府基本延续了特朗普政府的对华政策,从美国公众经济安全、产业安全、国家安全三个维度构建对华经济安全战略,依靠美国“产业自强”、对华技术封锁、增进区域合作、全球规则治理等手段具体实施。该战略以“新华盛顿共识”为基本原则,具有“精准脱钩”和强化“友盟经济”的特征,以建立“小院高墙”科技发展保护体系和关键产品供应链“去中国化”为施政重点。该战略加剧了全球供应链体系出现结构性分裂的风险以及国际经贸领域的“规则之争”,但囿于违背市场经济逻辑,其政策效果有限。探究拜登政府对华经济安全战略的态势,对于解读美国对华经济政策、理性分析预测中美经贸关系的走向具有重要意义。

The “over-stretching” of national security concerns in economic issues has been an important feature of U.S. economic policy towards China in recent years. The Biden administration has largely continued the approach of the Trump administration in its China policy,formulating a strategy of economic security towards China from three dimensions,i.e.,public economic security,industrial security,and national security. Such a strategy is implemented through four mechanisms, namely America's own “industrial selfstrengthening”,technological restrictions against China,enhancing regional cooperation,and global governace by rules. The strategy is grounded in the “new Washington consensus” and is characterized by elements such as “precision decoupling” and reinforcing America's “economic alliance”. Its primary focus is on establishing a “small yard,high fence” system of scientific and technological exclusion and the “de-sinicization” of critical product supply chains. While this strategy has heightened the risk of structural fragmentation in the global supply chain system and intensified the “dispute over rules”in the international economic and trade domains,its policy impact remains limited due to its departure from the logic of market economy. An in-depth examination of the Biden administration's economic security strategy towards China is crucial for interpreting U. S. economic policies vis-à-vis China and reasonably analyzing and predicting the direction of China-U.S. economic and trade relations.