再论马克思主义的理论主题和理论结构

Revisiting the Theoretical Themes and Structures of Marxism

马克思主义的理论主题是无产阶级和人类解放,要探寻人类解放的途径,就要发现和把握社会发展规律,马克思主义就是关于人类解放学说和关于社会发展规律科学的高度统一,是“真正批判的世界观”和“真正实证的科学”的高度统一。批判性是马克思主义的本质特征,马克思主义是哲学批判、政治批判和资本批判的高度统一,科学社会主义是哲学批判和资本批判的政治结论。马克思主义是哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义的高度统一,列宁把马克思主义理论结构划分为哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义,这一划分的立足点是既成的事实,而不是抽象的“应当”。把马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化相结合不是建立在抽象的“必须”上,而是确实存在这种结合的可能性,中国化的马克思主义不仅属于马克思主义,而且属于中国文化。

The theoretical theme of Marxism is the emancipation of the proletariat class and the mankind,and in order to explore the way of human emancipation,it is necessary to discover and grasp the law of social development.Marxism is a unity,at a high level,of the doctrine of human emancipation and the science of the law of social development,of"the truly critical worldview"and"the truly positive science",as well as of"the truly critical worldview"and""the truly empirical science";criticism constitutes the essential characteristic of Marxism;Marxism unifies,at a high level,a critique of philosophy,a critique of politics alongside with a critique of capital;scientific socialism embodies the political conclusion of critique of philosophy and of capital;Marxism represents a high-level unification of philosophy,political economy,and scientific socialism.Lenin divided the theoretical structure of Marxism into philosophy,political economy,and scientific socialism,on the basis of established facts rather than abstract"shoulds".Likewise,the combination of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture is not based on abstract"musts",but there is indeed a possibility of such a combination,which means that the localized Marxism belongs not only to Marxism but also to Chinese culture.