关于我国智能农机装备发展的几点思考

Reflections on the Development of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

智能农机装备是转变农业发展方式、提高农业综合生产能力的重要基础,是加快建设农业强国的重要支撑。通过梳理美国、德国、日本等国智能农机装备发展的经验,研究认为农业发达国家在构建本国智能农机装备产业技术体系中,均结合了本国“三农”特色,并突出政府与市场两大主体在研发推广中的关键作用。立足我国农机装备智能化转型的历史维度,研究发现我国智能农机装备经历了由实验室研发、关键技术攻关、点状示范向主要领域规模化应用的演变趋势,面临着农机农艺与农具融合不紧密、关键核心技术创新能力不强、管理服务体系不健全、产业集中度不高,以及人才储备不充足等问题。未来我国智能农机装备发展的重点在于大力加强智能农机装备技术创新、规模化应用与智能化制造,尤其要支持研发制造与集成推广一批适应我国不同耕作制度、不同地域类型的先进适用农机装备。本文建议从创新平台建设、配套政策创新、产业集群发展、人才队伍培育等方面共同发力,助推智能农机装备产业化、绿色化、高端化发展。

Intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is an important foundation for transforming agricultural development mode and improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity,and is an important support for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power.By reviewing the development experience of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment in countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan,it is found that agricultural developed countries have combined their own “agriculture,rural areas,and farmers” characteristics in building their own intelligent agricultural machinery equipment industry technology system,and highlighted the key roles of the government and the market in research and development promotion.Based on the historical dimension of large-scale application and industrialization development of China's agricultural machinery equipment,China's intelligent agricultural machinery equipment has experienced an evolution trend from laboratory research and development,key technology breakthrough,point demonstration to large-scale application in major fields.In addition,it is faced with problems such as the lack of close integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural tools,weak innovation capacity of key core technologies,unsound management service system,low industrial concentration ratio,and insufficient talent reserves.In the future,the focus of China's intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment development is to vigorously strengthen technological innovation,large-scale application,and industrial development of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment,especially to support the research and promotion of a batch of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment that adapt to different farming systems and regional types in China.It is recommended to promote the coordinated development of innovation platform construction,supporting policy innovation,industrial cluster development,and talent cultivation,in order to promote the industrialization,greening,and high-end development of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment.