中国流动人口二代成年后面临问题研究

The Problems of the Second Generation of Floating Population since Adulthood

留守儿童和随迁儿童一直是政府和学界高度关注的群体,然而他们成年后的发展境况却没有得到足够的重视。本文基于历次全国人口普查数据、中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)等数据资料发现,成年流动人口二代已占我国18~45岁劳动年龄人口的50.94%,且这一比例将在2030年上升至65.63%。边缘化的成长经历塑造了成年流动人口二代的脆弱性,该群体也面临失业、疾病、离婚等更高的社会风险。在心理层面,成年流动人口二代的人际交往态度较为消极,产生焦虑、抑郁等心理问题的概率更高。在生计层面,成年流动人口二代职业发展受阻、婚姻匹配失衡,很可能陷入比父辈社会地位更低,生存状况更差的境地。对流动人口二代的社会支持,需要围绕其全生命周期,兼顾问题治理与风险防范,推动政策支持体系从“碎片化”向“系统化”转变。

Left-behind children and migrant children have always been a group of high concern by the government and scholars,but their adult development has not received enough attention.Based on data from the national census and the China Labor Dynamics Survey(CLDS),the study finds that the adult second generation of floating population already accounts for 50.94% of China's working-age population aged between 18 and 45,and the proportion will rise to 65.63% in 2030.The marginalized growth experience has shaped the vulnerability of the adult second generation of floating population,which will also face higher social risks such as unemployment,disease and divorce.In psychological aspect,the adult second generation of floating population has a negative attitude towards interpersonal communication and a higher probability of psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.In livelihood aspect,the adult second generation of floating population is hindered in career development and unbalanced in marriage match,and is likely to fall into a lower social status and worse living condition than their parents.Social support for the adult second generation of floating population should focus on its full life cycle,consider problem management and risk prevention at the same time,and promote the policy support system from “fragmented” to “systematic”.