重大传染病疫情应急能力评价指标研究现状

Research on the evaluation index of emergency response capacity of major pandemic

应急管理体系和能力是国家治理体系和能力的重要组成部分,公共卫生应急管理体系建设是应对突发公共卫生事件的关键因素,在新冠病毒持续大流行的背景下,加强卫生系统应急能力建设具有重要意义。世界各国在总结重大传染病疫情防控经验的同时也在不断探寻构建卫生应急能力评价体系。公立医疗机构是卫生应急体系的核心力量,其应急处置能力直接影响突发公共卫生事件的处置效率和效果。基层医疗卫生机构是疫情防控的第一道防线,科学评估基层医疗卫生机构应急能力,加强基层应对重大传染病应急体系网底建设,不仅是健康中国战略的重要组成部分,也是检验政府公共管理水平和卫生系统行政能力的重要标志。在面对重大传染病疫情时,基层医疗卫生机构需实现平时和应急响应时“双时在线”,传染病和社区常见病“两病共管”。目前提升社区韧性治理能力已成为社区治理现代化的重要课题,作为提升社区韧性治理能力的重要一环,基层医疗卫生机构具备一定的应急能力和韧性尤为重要。本文从系统和机构层面,关注应急管理框架全过程,对国外代表性国家或组织以及国内重大传染病疫情卫生应急能力的评估现状进行综述,并进一步提出将韧性理念融入应急管理全过程中,为构建适合我国国情的基层医疗卫生机构应急能力评价指标体系提供思路与参考。

Emergency management system and capacity are important parts of national governance systems and capacities.The construction of public health emergency management system is the key factor to deal with public health emergencies.In the context of the COVID-19,it is of great significance to improve health system emergency response capacity.While summarizing the experience of public health emergencies such as major infectious diseases,countries around the world are constantly exploring the evaluation system of health emergency capacity.Public medical institutions are the core force of health emergency system,and their emergency capacity directly affects the efficiency and effect of public health emergencies.Primary medical institution is the first line of defense in epidemic prevention and control.Scientific evaluation of the emergency response capacity of primary medical institutions and strengthening the construction of emergency response system for public health emergencies are not only an important part of the Healthy China Strategy,but also an important symbol to test the level of public management of the government and the administrative capacity of the health system.In the face of major infectious disease,primary medical and health institutions need to realize"dual online"in peace time and emergency response,and"dual management"of infectious diseases and common diseases.At present,improving the resilience of community governance has become an important topic in the modernization of community governance.As an important part of improving the resilience of community governance,it is particularly important for primary medical institutions to have emergency response capacity and resilience.This paper reviews the current situation of health emergency response capacity assessment of representative foreign countries or organizations and domestic major infectious diseases,including the system and institution.This paper further proposes to integrate the concept of resilience into the whole process of emergency management and provides the thoughts and references for constructing the index of emergency ability evaluation of primary medical health institutions.