慢性萎缩性胃炎患者健康素养状况及相关影响因素分析

Analysis of health literacy status and related factors in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis

目的探究慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的健康素养状况及影响因素,为慢性萎缩性胃炎患者健康教育提供建议。方法于2020年5月6日-2021年1月24日,招募调查员在3所三级医院(山东省2所,北京市1所)、4所二级医院(新疆维吾尔自治区、山西省、湖北省、广东省各1所)和3所一级医院(山西省、广东省、河南省各1所)的病房或者门诊发放并回收问卷,并采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行统计描述、χ^(2)检验和logistic回归分析。结果本研究最终获得有效样本数602份,慢性萎缩性胃炎患者具备健康素养的比例为36.9%(222例);具备功能性、批判性、互动性健康素养的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者比例分别为41.7%(251例)、50.7%(305例)、55.5%(334例)。总健康素养方面,在城乡(χ^(2)=9.823,P<0.05)、年龄段(χ^(2)=17.815,P<0.05)、学历(χ^(2)=43.044,P<0.05)、职业(χ^(2)=21.583,P<0.05)等方面存在统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,小学以下学历(OR=0.162,95%CI:0.044~0.585)、初中学历(OR=0.270,95%CI:0.106~0.687)、高中/职高/中专学历(OR=0.248,95%CI:0.105~0.583)、大专/本科学历(OR=0.430,95%CI:0.189~0.977)与研究生及以上学历相比,不利于健康素养的培养。结论慢性萎缩性胃炎患者健康素养水平较低,学历对慢性萎缩性胃炎患者健康素养影响差异有统计学意义。

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of health literacy in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and to provide suggestions for health education for patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.Methods Investigators were recruited to distribute and collect questionnaires in the wards or outpatients of 3 tertiary hospitals(2 in Shandong Province,1 in Beijing),4 secondary hospitals(1 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region,1 in Shanxi Province,1 in Hubei Province and 1 in Guangdong Province)and 3 primary hospitals(1 in Shanxi Province,1 in Guangdong Province and 1 in Henan Province)from May 6,2020 to January 24,2021.SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistics,χ^(2) test and logistic linear regression analysis.Results A total of 602 effective samples were obtained and the proportion of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with health literacy was 36.9%(222 cases).The proportion of chronic atrophic gastritis patients with functional,critical and interactive health literacy were 41.7%(251 cases),50.7%(305 cases)and 55.5%(334 cases),respectively.In terms of total health literacy,there were statistical significance in urban and rural areas(χ^(2)=9.823,P<0.05),age(χ^(2)=17.815,P<0.05),education(χ^(2)=43.044,P<0.05),occupation(χ^(2)=21.583,P<0.05)and so on.The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that education below elementary school(OR=0.162,95%CI:0.044-0.585),junior high school education(OR=0.270,95%CI:0.106-0.687),high school/vocational high school/secondary school education(OR=0.248,95%CI:0.105-0.583),and college/bachelor's degree(OR=0.430,95%CI:0.189-0.977)were unfavorable for health literacy development compared to graduate and higher degrees.Conclusion The level of health literacy of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is low,and the influence of education on the health literacy of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is statistically significant.