韩非与操作化政治的理论完型

Han Fei and the Theoretical Gestalt of Operational Politics

近代以来人们习惯于以价值先设的立场审视韩非与法家,因此在民主价值的映照下,韩非被视为专制的设计者与辩护师。作为民主政治的对立面,韩非因之遭到否定。这是一种需要矫正的思路。在韩非时代,挣脱血缘关系的社会结构变化,催生了政治的独立价值,这是一种站在今人的民主价值立场上无法理解的政治史事实。以规范与操作替代价值与事实的关联分析框架,可更好理解韩非的操作政治思想:他的政治敏锐感超迈同时代思想家,让操作化政治在理论上得以完型。但因为韩非未能同时将操作化政治所必需的规范论证凸显出来,故存在弱化规范以凸显操作的限度。而这正是在古典社会中儒家与法家互补的理由,也是在现代处境中,法家政治思想再阐释需要补足的理论缺失。

Since the modern times,people are used to examine Han Fei and the Legalists according to the hypothesis of democratic value,thus Han Fei is regarded as the planner as well as apologist of despotism,and is denied as the opposite of democratic politics.That is an approach needed correction.In the times of Han Fei,one kind of facts on political history was the change in social structure to break consanguinity and give rise to the independent value of politics,which is hard to understand from the current democratic view.Han Fei's thought on operational politics could be better understood if we substitute the correlation analysis framework of norm and operation for the one of value and fact.Han Fei's political sensitivity exceeded contemporary thinkers,and reached the theoretical gestalt of operational politics.Yet he showed the limitation of highlighting operation by weakening norm because he did not give the normative statements necessary for operational politics.That is just the reason for complementation between Confucianism and Legalism in classical society,and the lack of prescriptive theory needed to be complemented when reinterpreting the political thoughts of Legalism in the modern context.