“天命流转”的完美逻辑与道德心态——传统中国“命运”信念的社会学阐释

The Perfect Logic and Moral Mentality of“Circulation of Mandate of Heaven”:A Sociological Interpretation of Chinese Traditional Beliefs on Fate

“天命”构想作为中华传统神圣信念之一,象征着经由“天—命”流转而被解释为传统国运与个体人命的变迁机制,促成中国人以正命、随命和遭命三种方式验证天命人心的道德流品。这种“天命、道德、命运”信念的基本内容,根源于“天命靡常,惟德是辅”的“周公定律”,内含天即人、德即天、心即理的完美逻辑,呈现为以“正命”或“命正论”为楷模的道德流动范畴,以德成天运的国命和人命的方式,转成“知识、实践和行为”为特质的道德心态,继而拓展为天人同德、上行下效的科举选官制度和家国运作机制,并对当下社会的价值秩序与道德心态产生影响。

As one of the Chinese traditional sacred beliefs,the concept of“Mandate of Heaven”symbolizes the transition mechanism of the fate of traditional dynasty and the fate of individual human life through the circulation of“Heaven”and“Mandate”.It forms a kind of“flow grade in moral”from“Mandate of Heaven”,which Chinese can be addicted to and use“Nature Good Fate”,“Moral Positively Correlated Fate”and“Moral Negatively Correlated Fate”to sense and verify.From the perspective of historical source,these beliefs such as“Mandate of Heaven,Moral,Fate”,came from the Holy Word that“Mandate of Heaven changes with ruler's virtue”which can be called Law of the Duke of Zhou.This law contains the perfect logic of“Heaven is Human,”“Virtue is Heaven,”and“Mind is Principle”,as well as rendered flow moral category using“Nature Good Destiny”or the theory of“Nature Good Fate”as moral role model.Besides,this law can promote the transformation from the way that is through having moral to owe the fate of dynasty and individuals to the moral mentality of knowledge,practice and behavior,which is expanded to the imperial examination system which has the same virtues of heaven and man,and the effect of the upper and the lower,up to the operation mechanism of the dynasty,directly affects the value order and moral mentality of the current society.