胡厚宣与中国上古史的重建之路——以《甲骨学商史论丛》为中心的考察

Hu Houxuan and the Path of Reconstructing Ancient Chinese History:Centered on Essays on the History of Shang Dynasty by Oracle Bones

胡厚宣因早期在北京大学求学时的特殊际遇,深受王国维“二重证据法”的影响,治学取向由“疑古”转向“考古”,又因加入中央研究院历史语言研究所并参与殷墟发掘,与甲骨学结缘,遂服膺并积极实践新汉学的考据之法。抗战时期,胡厚宣被顾颉刚延揽至齐鲁大学国学所担任研究员长达七年,在国学所的慷慨赞助下出版《甲骨学商史论丛》四集,此书是其学术生涯的代表性巨著,亦可视为民国学术史上新汉学考据范式的扛鼎之作。在重建中国上古史的道路上,胡厚宣以新汉学的学术立场,利用新出的考古材料,结合甲骨金文考证,回应社会史论战及古史辨运动的诸多学术争议问题,其治学风格体现了各种学术路径的角竞和融会,在20世纪中国学术发展史中有不可磨灭的贡献。

Being deeply influenced by Wang Guoweis“dual evidence”in his early years as a student at Peking University,Hu Houxuan shifted his approach from skepticism of antiquity to archaeology,began to engage in oracle bone studies by joining the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica and participating in the Yinxu excavations,and thus accepted and actively practiced the method of new textual criticism.During the war period,he was invited to the Institute of Sinology of Cheeloo University by Gu Jiegang and worked there for seven years,publishing four collections of Essays on the History of Shang Dynasty by Oracle Bones under the sponsorship of the institute,which are representatives of his academic career and can also be regarded as a masterpiece of the paradigm of new textual criticism in the academic history of the Republic of China.On the way of reconstructing ancient Chinese history,Hu Houxuan responded to many academic controversies of the Debates on Chinese Social History and Ku Shih Pien with the academic stance of new textual criticism,the use of new archaeological materials,and the combination of oracle-bone and gold-text testimonies.His academic style reflects the competition and integration of various academic paths in the history of 20th-century Chinese academics.