国际间市场可达性对制造业技术创新的影响——基于中欧班列的证据

The impact of International Market Accessibility on Manufacturing Technology Innovation——Based on the Evidence of CE-Railway Express

中欧班列的开通提高了中国与沿线国家间的市场可达性,大幅降低了国家间的贸易成本,促进了我国经济的外循环,为中国经济的发展注入了新的动力与活力。文章基于中欧班列开通所构成的准自然实验,使用2000—2018年270个地级市面板数据,采用渐进式的双重差分模型,实证检验了国际间市场可达性的提升对中国制造业技术创新的影响。实证检验结果表明:国际间市场可达性的提升促进了制造业技术创新的数量与质量改善;异质性检验发现,国际间市场可达性的提升推动了区位禀赋劣势地区制造业专利数量与质量改善,但是国际间市场可达性的提升仅推动了交通禀赋优势地区制造业专利数量提高,即国际间市场可达性的提升对区位禀赋劣势地区的边际效用更大;国际间市场可达性的提升对大城市的技术创新数量与质量改善的促进作用更为显著。由技术密集度异质性检验结果可知,中欧班列的开通推动了低技术密集度与高技术密集度制造业的技术创新水平提升,但相较于低技术密集度制造业而言,该政策对高技术密集度制造业的技术创新数量提高的促进作用相对较小;作用机制检验发现,中欧班列通过市场竞争效应、资源配置效应以及产业结构效应等渠道推动区域制造业的技术创新水平提升。基于以上结论,文章认为我国应进一步扩大对外开放水平并深化“一带一路”倡议,积极促进我国欠发达地区中欧班列建设以及推动我国制造业由低端向中高端攀升。

The Opening of the China-Europe Railway Express has effectively improved the accessibility of railway transporta⁃tion between China and the countries along the route,greatly reduced the trade cost between countries,promoted the external circulation of China's economy,and injected new impetus into the development of China's economy.Based on the quasi-natu⁃ral experiment,this paper uses the panel data of 270 prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2018,and adopts a progressive dif⁃ference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact of the improvement of international market accessibility on Chi⁃na's manufacturing technology innovation.The empirical test results show that:the improvement of international market ac⁃cessibility promotes the quantity and quality of manufacturing technology innovation;the heterogeneity test finds that the im⁃provement of international market accessibility promotes the quantity and quality of manufacturing patents in regions with dis⁃advantaged location endowments,but the improvement of international market accessibility only promotes the number of man⁃ufacturing patents in regions with superior transportation endowments,that is,the improvement of international market accessibility has a greater marginal effect on regions with inferior location endowments;The improvement of international market accessibility promotes effect on the quality and quantity of technological innovation in big cities is more significant.From the test results of technology-intensive heterogeneity,it can be seen that the opening of China Railway Express has promoted the level of technological innovation in low-tech-intensive and high-tech-intensive manufacturing industries,but compared with low-tech-intensive manufacturing,this policy has promoted the quantity of technological innovation in the high-tech-inten⁃sive manufacturing industry is relatively small;The mechanism test finds that the China-Europe Railway Express promotes the technological innovation level of the regional manufacturing industry through channels such as market competition effects,resource allocation effects,and industrial structure effects.Based on the above conclusions,this paper believes that China should further expand the level of opening up to the outside world and deepen the"Belt and Road"initiative,actively promote the construction of China-Europe Railway Express in underdeveloped areas,and upgrade manufacturing industry from lowend to mid-to-high end.