青少年社交恐怖症的发生与家庭教养方式、人格特征及行为抑制的关系

Relationship Between the Occurrence of Adolescent Social Phobia and Family Rearing Styles,Personality Characteristics and Behavioral Inhibition

目的分析青少年社交恐怖症的发生与家庭教养方式、人格特征及行为抑制的关系。方法对驻马店市2所中学在校中学生行问卷调查,共发放180份问卷,收回168份,问卷收回率为93.33%,其中有效问卷162份,回收有效率96.43%。问卷内容包含一般资料调查表、青少年社交焦虑量表(SAS-A)、父母教养方式调查问卷(EMBU)、大五人格量表简化版(NEO-FFI)、行为抑制气质量表(BIS)。分析青少年SAS-A得分情况,并使用Pearson相关系数分析评估青少年社交焦虑与父母教养方式、人格特征及行为抑制的相关性。结果162名青少年SAS-A总分均值为37.51分,处于SAS-A最高分65分的中间水平。不同家庭所在地、不同父母受教育程度、独生子女与否的青少年SAS-A总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性青少年SAS-A总分高于男性(P<0.05),高一年级青少年SAS-A总分高于初一及初二(P<0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析显示,青少年SAS-A总分与父母教养方式中父亲情感温暖及理解、父亲拒绝及否认、母亲情感温暖及理解、人格特征中外倾性、开放性、宜人性、责任性呈负相关(P<0.05),与父母教养方式中父亲惩罚及严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝及否认、母亲惩罚及严厉、母亲过分干涉及保护、人格特征中神经质、行为抑制中的求助、支配、自信心、拒绝、亲密关系、疏远均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论青少年社交恐怖症与父母教养方式、个体行为抑制及人格特征密切相关,且女性与高年级青少年社交焦虑更严重,值得临床关注。

Objective To analyze the relationship of adolescent social phobia with family rearing styles,personality characteristics and behavioral inhibition.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among middle school students in two middle schools in Zhumadian City.A total of 180 questionnaires were distributed and 168 questionnaires were recovered,with the recovery rate of the questionnaire of 93.33%,of which 162 questionnaires were effective with the effectively recovery rate of 96.43%.The questionnaire contents included general data questionnaire,social anxiety scale for adolescents(SAS-A),egna minnen barndoms uppfostran(EMBU),neuroticism extroversion openness five-factor inventory(NEO-FFI)and behavioral inhibition scale(BIS).The SAS-A scores of adolescents were analyzed,and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between adolescent social anxiety and family rearing styles,personality characteristics and behavioral inhibition.Results The mean total SAS-A score of 162 adolescents was 37.51 points,which was in the middle level of the highest SAS-A score of 65 points.There were no statistical differences in the total SAS-A score among adolescents with different family locations,different parents’education levels and whether they were the only child(P>0.05).The total SAS-A score of female adolescents was higher than that of male adolescents(P<0.05),and the total SAS-A score of senior grade one was higher than that of junior grade one and junior grade two(P<0.05).Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that the total score of SAS-A of adolescents was negatively correlated with family rearing styles of father’s emotional warmth and understanding,father’s rejection and denial and mother’s emotional warmth and understanding,and personality characteristics of extroversion,openness,agreeableness and responsibility(P<0.05),and was positively correlated with family rearing styles of father’s punishment and harshness,father’s excessive interference,father’s overprotection,mother’s rejection and denial,mother’s punishment and harshness,and mother’s excessive interference and overprotection,personality characteristic of neuroticism,behavioral inhibition aspects of seeking help,dominance,self-confidence,rejection,intimate relationship and estrangement(P<0.05).Conclusion Adolescent social phobia is closely related to family rearing styles,individual behavioral inhibition and personality characteristics,and social anxiety is more serious in female adolescents and senior adolescents,which is worthy of clinical attention.