基于元分析的助推效果研究:“认知路径”与“透明性”的二维视角

The behavioral effects of nudge:A meta-analysis based on a dual perspective of“Cognitive Pathway”and“Transparency”

基于“认知路径”与“透明性”的二维视角,对行为公共政策专业期刊Behavioural Public Policy(2017~2022)与Behavioral Science&Policy(2015~2022)中40篇助推研究的108个实证结果进行元分析,系统评估助推措施有效性,比较不同认知路径和透明程度助推措施的相对优势,探索助推效果异质性的影响因素,分析认知路径、透明性与异质性因素的交互效应。研究发现:(1)助推干预效果综合效应量较小,不同研究效应量呈现明显差异;(2)不同认知路径与透明性的助推有效性存在差异,助推的认知路径与透明性对其有效性的影响存在交互效应;(3)助推效果受研究设计和行为领域的影响,助推发挥作用的认知路径、助推设计的透明性与异质性影响因素间呈现出复杂的互动作用。

Based on the dual perspective of“cognitive pathway”and“transparency”,this research conducts a meta-analysis of 108 empirical results from 40 nudge studies published in Behavioral Public Policy(2017~2022)and Behavioral Science&Policy(2015~2022).This research systematically evaluates the effectiveness of nudging interventions,compares advantages of nudging measures in terms of different cognitive pathways and transparency,explores the influencing factors of heterogeneity in nudging effects,and analyzes the interactive effects of cognitive pathways,transparency,and influencing factors on nudging effectiveness.Our analysis reveals that:(1)The comprehensive effect of nudging intervention is relatively small,and the effect of nudging tools in different studies shows significant differences;(2)There are differences in nudging effectiveness between different cognitive pathways and transparency,and there is an interactive effect between cognitive pathway and transparency on nudging effectiveness;(3)The effectiveness of nudge is influenced by research designs and behavioral domains.The cognitive pathways through which nudge works,the transparency of nudge design,and influencing factors of heterogeneity have complex interactive effects on nudging effectiveness.