智能时代的新玩伴:儿童与机器人的互动特征及其对儿童发展的影响

New playmates in the age of intelligence: Characteristics of children’s interactions with robots and their impact on child development

随着人工智能的快速发展,儿童与机器人的互动日益频繁。该领域的研究成果可以按照儿童对机器人的认识、互动,以及这种互动对儿童发展的影响这三个过程进行总结。在认识上,儿童更容易被机器人的拟人化外观吸引,倾向基于兴趣来探索机器人,并且将机器人视为生命或类生命体。在互动中,儿童更愿意接受机器人为亲密伙伴,容易向其寻求情感慰藉和保护欲,但也可能会欺负机器人。通过与机器人互动,儿童的认知和元认知能力、学习兴趣,以及社交意愿和共情能力得到了发展;然而,由于机器人无法提供适当的诤言和反馈,因此其有可能对儿童的社会性发展带来负面影响。未来需要拓展相关研究的设计、方法和深度,尝试进行纵向和跨文化研究,改进评估方法,深入探讨儿童与机器人互动的原因和情境,并注意涉及到的伦理问题。

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence,interactions between children and robots have become increasingly frequent.The research outcomes in this domain can be summarized into three processes:children’s understanding of robots,their interactions,and the effects of these interactions on child development.In terms of understanding,children are more readily attracted to anthropomorphic appearances of robots,tend to explore robots based on interest,and often perceive robots as living or quasi-living entities.During interactions,children are more inclined to accept robots as intimate companions,seeking emotional comfort and a sense of protection,but may also bully them.Interacting with robots enhances children’s cognitive and metacognitive abilities,learning interest,social willingness,and empathetic skills.However,due to robots’inability to provide appropriate reproach and feedback,there is potential for negative implications on a child’s social development.Future research should expand on design,methodologies,and depth,attempt longitudinal and cross-cultural studies,refine evaluation techniques,delve deeper into the reasons and contexts for child-robot interactions,and be mindful of associated ethical issues.