在“田野”中发现和发展政治科学——兼评从“人类学的田野”到“田野政治学”

Discovering and Developing Political Science in the“Fieldwork”--A Critical Review from Fieldwork of Anthropology to Field Politics

作为方法论的“人类学的田野”,为人类学从古典转向现代、从思辨走向科学奠定了基础、敞开了大门,形成了具有社会功能作用的“文化科学”。“田野”从与民族志撰写结为“姻亲”时起,就受到不同类型政府的支持甚至资助,“文化科学”的直接结果具有供给政府部门决策之公共功能,这是“田野”致力于政策科学的内在本能驱动之结果。一方面,在人类学领域,“田野”调查的社会公共性激活了“公共人类学”“人民的人类学”等的政治禀赋;另一方面,在政治学领域,“田野政治学”回应了政治学科学化第四次浪潮发展的时代需要,提供了解决“有政治无政治学”的中国方案。

As a methodology,the“fieldwork of anthropology”has laid the foundation and opened the door for the transformation of anthropology from classical to modern,from speculation to science,and formed a“cultural science”with social functions.The“fieldwork”has been supported and even financed by different types of governments since it was“engaged”with ethnography.The direct study results of“cultural science”have a public function of helping governments to make decisions,which is the result of the innate drive of“fieldwork”to devote itself to policy science.On the one hand,in anthropology,the social public nature of“fieldwork”has activated the political endowments of“public anthropology”and“anthropology of the people”;on the other hand,in political science,“field politics”responds to the need of the times for the fourth wave of scientific development of political science and provides a Chinese solution to the problem of“politics without political science”.