隋唐凿修渠水考

On the Rivers,Waterways,and Canals Built and Maintained in Sui and Tang Dynasties

近年来,各类大运河文化保护传承利用规划纲要以及多地运河博物馆在述及隋唐运河时仅列浙江、江苏、安徽、山东、河南、河北、天津、北京八省市,且不乏大量常识性谬错,尤其令人惊讶的是竟然遗漏了京畿所在重地陕西。事实上,隋唐时修治的运渠遍及各个地区,运道、溉渠如网络经脉,并具有各不相同的功能。除巡游、漕运、灌溉、居民用水外,京畿河渠需维系都城的供给与稳定。西北广大干旱、半干旱地区的河渠主要服务于农田、饮用和军事,江淮运渠以供应两都钱粮、绢布、护田、护城、火备为主,东北、华南运道多涉及军事行动,西藏的渠水以农业灌溉为主。

In recent years,various programs for the protection,inheritance and utilization of the Grand Canal culture,as well as numerous canal museums,have listed only six provinces and two municipalities when they refer to the canals of Sui and Tang Dynasties,namely Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Anhui,Shandong,Henan,Hebei,Tianjin and Beijing.Other than a couple of commonsense errors,the capitals and surrounding environs of the two dynasties have been surprisingly overlooked in these programs.As a matter of fact,the networked waterways serving different functions built during the Sui and Tang dynasties were spread across various regions.In addition to parading,transportation,irrigation,and residential water use,the canals in the capital city regions were needed to maintain the supply and stability of the capital cities.Rivers and canals in the vast arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China mainly served for farming,people's everyday life use and military purposes.The Yangtze and Huai River canals essentially supplied food,silk cloth,urban protection,and fire prevention for the two capitals and other cities.The Northeast and South China canals were mostly involved in military operations.Canals in Tibet chiefly served agricultural irrigation.