广西三市婚检、孕检中育龄妇女HIV阳性检出率及其分布研究

Prevalence and distribution of HIV in childbearing-age women in 3 cities in Guangxi:based on premarital medical examination and pregnancy test

目的分析广西三个重点城市婚检、孕检的育龄妇女中艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性检出率及其分布特征,为广西艾滋病防治提供参考。方法从广西《桂妇儿信息管理系统》中筛选N市、L市和G市共30个城区/县的婚检和孕检群体中年龄为15~49岁的女性,用Excel 2016建立数据库,用SPSS 25.0统计软件分析HIV的流行病学特征。结果2016—2020年广西L市、G市和N市三市婚检育龄妇女共302678人,HIV阳性检出率为0.49‰,其中,L市最高(1.42‰),G市(0.26‰)和N市(0.22‰)次之,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=142.68,P<0.001);2016—2020年三市婚检育龄妇女总体的HIV阳性检出率分别为0.40‰、0.51‰、0.45‰、0.53‰和0.51‰,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.24,P>0.05)。2016—2020年三市孕检妇女941138人,孕检HIV阳性检出率为0.72‰,以L市最高(1.52‰),其次为N市(0.57‰)和G市(0.43‰),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=225.23,P<0.001);2016—2020年三市孕检育龄妇女总体的HIV阳性检出率分别为0.57‰、0.61‰、0.72‰、0.90‰和0.87‰,呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(线性)=20.28,P<0.001),其中L市先上升后下降(χ^(2)_(线性)=3.90,P=0.048),G市和N市均呈逐年上升趋势(G市χ^(2)_(线性)=10.83,P=0.001,N市χ^(2)_(线性)=7.12,P=0.008)。婚检/孕检HIV阳性妇女均以25~40岁年龄组为主,职业以农林牧渔和商业服务人员为主,民族分布以汉族和壮族居民为主。结论广西婚检/孕检HIV阳性检出率相对较低,但孕检HIV阳性检出率呈上升趋势,应继续加强尤其是农村地区和少数民族地区婚检/孕检HIV监测及健康宣教。

Objective To study the prevalence and distribution of HIV among women of childbearing age in three key cities of Guangxi,and to provide a reference for HIV prevention and treatment in Guangxi.Methods Women aged 15-49 in 30 premarital and pregnancy examination groups in N,L,and G cities were selected from the Guangxi Women and Children Information System.Excel 2016 was used to build the database.The epidemiological characteristics of HIV in the population were analyzed with SPSS25.0.Results A total of 302678 women were included in the three cities,and the total prevalence of HIV was 0.49‰.The prevalence of HIV was the highest in L city(1.42‰),followed by G city(0.26‰),and then N city(0.22‰),with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=142.68,P<0.001).The prevalence of HIV in women of childbearing age undergoing premarital examination in the three cities in 2016—2020 were 0.40‰,0.51‰,0.45‰,0.53‰,and 0.51‰,respectively,and there was no significant difference between years(χ^(2)=1.24,P=0.872).A total of 941138 women for pregnancy test in the three cities were included,and the prevalence of HIV was 0.72‰.The prevalence of HIV was the highest in L city(1.52‰),followed by N city(0.57‰),and then G city(0.43‰),with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=225.23,P<0.001).The total prevalence of HIV in women of childbearing age undergoing premarital medical examination and pregnancy test in the three cities was 0.57‰,0.61‰,0.72‰,0.90‰,and 0.87‰from 2016 to 2020,respectively,showing an increasing trend(χ^(2)=20.28,P<0.001).The prevalence in L city increased first and then decreased(χ^(2)=3.90,P=0.048),while that in G city and N city showed an increasing trend year by year(χ^(2)_(G)=10.83,P=0.001;χ^(2)_(N)=7.12,P=0.008).The majority of HIV-positive women in premarital/pregnancy tests were mainly 25 to 40 years old,farmer and commercial service workers,ethnic Han and Zhuang residents.Conclusion The prevalence of HIV in premarital/pregnancy tests in women are relatively low in Guangxi,but the prevalence of HIV shows an increasing trend in pregnancy tests.HIV surveillance and health education for premarital/pregnancy tests should continue to be strengthened,especially in rural areas and ethnic minority areas.