按病因分类的白内障动物模型制作现状

Current status of animal models of cataract classified by etiology

白内障是目前导致患者视力下降甚至失明的主要原因之一,而手术仍是其唯一有效的解决方式,其发病机制及有效的预防手段依旧是眼科研究的热点问题。近年来随着生物技术的成熟,白内障动物模型的造模方式更加多样,实验动物的物种更加丰富,动物模型依然是研究白内障机制的中流砥柱,但人类白内障的病因复杂,目前尚未构建出理想的白内障动物模型。故本文按病因分类,就不同病因所致白内障动物模型的造模原理、体内和体外造模方式、特点及存在的问题进行了整理,为构建更贴近人类白内障的综合动物模型提供理论基础。

Cataract is one of the major causes of vision loss and even blindness in patients,and surgery is the only effective method to treat it.The pathogenesis and precaution of cataract remain hot issues in ophthalmological research.With the maturation of biotechnology in recent years,modeling methods and species of experimental animals have become more diverse,which are still the mainstay of cataract mechanism research.However,the ideal animal model of cataract has yet to be constructed due to the complexity of human cataract etiology.Herein,the modeling principles,in vivo or in vitro modeling methods,characteristics,and existing problems of animal models of cataract are summarized according to etiology,providing the theoretical foundation for the construction of a comprehensive animal model that more closely resembles the human cataract.