春季气象条件对农业生产的影响

The impact of meteorological conditions on agricultural production in spring

本文对2023年山东省济阳区春季(3-5月)气象条件进行分析,探讨春季主要气象要素对农业生产的影响并作出评价。结果表明:济阳区春季平均气温较常年同期偏高,3月平均气温突破1962年建站以来历史同期最高水平;季降水量较常年同期偏多,且时空分布不均;季日照时数较常年同期偏少。2023年济阳区春季气象条件总体利于冬小麦生长发育和产量形成;春播期降水及时,大部分时段水热条件适宜,阶段性低温影响偏轻,利于作物播种出苗。春末出现干热风和连阴雨天气对冬小麦后期灌浆有不利影响。基于以上分析对农业生产提出几点措施建议,为涉农部门指导农业生产提供参考。

This article analyzed the meteorological conditions in spring(March-May)of Jiyang District in 2023,explored the advantages and disadvantages of the main meteorological factors in spring on agricultural production,and evaluates them.The results showed that the average temperature in spring in Jiyang District was slightly higher than the same period in normal years,and the average temperature in March exceeded the highest historical temperature in the same period since the establishment of the station in 1962;The seasonal precipitation was higher than the same period of the year,and the spatiotemporal distribution was uneven;The seasonal sunshine hours were slightly less than the same period of the year.Based on comprehensive analysis,the spring meteorological conditions in Jiyang District in 2023 were generally favorable for the growth and development of winter wheat and yield formation;During the spring sowing period,precipitation was timely,and most of the time the water and heat conditions were suitable.The impact of periodic low temperatures was relatively mild,which was conducive to crop sowing and seedling emergence.The occurrence of hot and dry winds and continuous rainy weather in late spring had adverse effects on the late filling of winter wheat.Propose several measures and suggestions for agricultural production based to the above analysis,providing reference for agricultural-related departments to guide agricultural production.