论争与建构:培智教育生态主义课程释义

Controversy and Construction:Interpretation of Ecological Curriculum for Intellectual Disability Education

生态主义课程是本世纪初我国培智教育领域兴起的一种重要课程形态,其核心思想发端于生物生态学。该类课程常见的定义有环境、学生、课程理念三种基本取向,相应地体现出环境依存性、学习者依存性、课程理念依存性和情境系统依存性的基本特征。从生态性强弱这一新视角来看,该类课程是由诸多具体课程类别组成的课程群落,其中环境生态分析课程位于该课程群落生态主义链条的中间位置,因此极具代表性。以现代主义课程论的核心框架为基本参照,从课程开发模式、目标、内容、组织、实施、评鉴等维度入手,可以构建该类课程较为完整的理论体系。

Ecological curriculum is an important curriculum form emerging in the field of intellectual disability education in China at the beginning of this century.Its core ideas originated from biological ecology.The com-mon definitions of this type of curriculum include three basic orientations:environment,students,and curricu-lum philosophy.Correspondingly,it reflects the basic characteristics of environmental dependence,learner de-pendence,curriculum concept dependence,and situational system dependence.From the new perspective of ecological strength,this type of curriculum is a curriculum community composed of many specific curriculum categories.The environmental ecological analysis curriculum is located in the middle of the ecological chain of the curriculum community,making it highly representative.Taking the core framework of modernism curricu-lum theory as the basic reference point and starting from the dimensions of curriculum development mode,goal,content,organization,implementation and evaluation,a relatively complete theoretical system of this kind of curriculum can be constructed.