内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区防火瞭望塔选址研究

Siting study of fire lookout towers in the northern Daxinganling primeval forest area of Inner Mongolia

瞭望塔是森林火险监测的重要载体。为了提高森林火灾的防范强度,保护原始森林,瞭望塔的合理选址至关重要。以内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区为研究对象,对林区1999-2020年21年间的历史火点数据进行归纳统计,采用BWM多准则分析和ArcGIS栅格叠加对林区进行火灾风险分级;根据不同风险区域的林火预防监测需求情况,建立多目标函数作为瞭望塔选址的搜索模型;最后通过遗传算法求解选择出防火瞭望塔的最优布局位置。优化后的瞭望塔对火险的低、中、高风险区域覆盖率分别提高了13.7%、23%和41%,该优化方案提高了火险监测的效率,对中国北部林区的林火防范工作具有参考意义。

The watchtower is an important carrier for forest fire risk monitoring.In order to improve the intensity of forest fire prevention pre-vention and protect the primary forest,the reasonable site selec-tion of watchtower is crucial.This paper takes the primitive forest area in the northern part of Inner Mongolia Daxinganling as the re-search object,summarizes the historical fire point data of the for-est area for 21 years from 1999 to 2020,uses BWM multi-criteria analysis and ArcGIS raster overlay to classify the fire risk in the forest area;establishes a multi-objective function as the search fac-tor model for watchtower site selection according to the demand situation of forest fire prevention and monitoring in different risk areas;finally selects the optimal watchtower site by Finally,the optimal location of the fire watchtower is selected by the genetic algorithm.The optimized watchtower increased the coverage rate of low,medium and high risk areas of fire risk region by 13.7%,23%and 41%,respectively.The optimized scheme improved the efficiency of fire risk monitoring and has reference significance to the forest fire prevention work in the northern forest area of China.