基于头面部形态特征探讨革家人的族源

An analysis of ethnic origin of Gejia from head and face morphological features

从头面部形态特征角度探讨革家人的源流.采用随机取样方法在贵州省黔东南州测量了312例革家人(男性160例,女性152例)的头长、头宽、面宽、下颌角间宽、眼内角间宽、鼻宽、形态面高、鼻高、口宽、唇高和耳上头高等11项头面部指标值,计算5项头面部指数,对13个族群的11项头面部测量指标及5项头面部指数进行主成分分析.结果表明,革家人男性与水族的头面部特征很接近,头的长度和宽度较小,面的宽度较小,唇较高,面较低,头较狭、较高、较圆,鼻较狭.革家人女性与侗族的头面部特征很接近,头长、头宽、面宽、下颌角间宽、口宽、鼻宽值中等,头的圆狭、高低程度中等,鼻较狭,面较低.从头面部特征看,革家人与壮侗语族侗水语支的族群接近,最接近于侗族,其次是水族.革家人具有南亚类型族群的头面部特征,头面部特征更接近于壮侗语族族群,提示革家人的族源应该是百越的一支.

The ethnic origin of Gejia was discussed from head and face morphological features.Based on random sampling 11 head and face items including head length,head breadth,bizygomatic breadth,interocular breadth,nasal breadth,morphological facial height,nose height,mouth breadth,lip height,auricular height,bigonial diameter of 312 Gejia(160 males,152 females)were measured in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Guizhou Province,and five head and face indexes were calculated.Principal component analysis was performed on 11 head and face items and five head and face indexes of 13 ethnic groups.The results showed that the head and face features of Gejia males were very similar to Shui,the length and width of the head were smaller,the width of the face was smaller,the lip was higher,the face was lower,the head was narrower,higher and rounder,and the nose was narrower.The head and face features of Gejia females were very sim-ilar to Dong,the head length,head width,face width,mandibular angle width,mouth width,nose width were medium,round and narrow degree,high and low degree were medium,the nose was narrower,the face was lower.From the head and face features,the Gejia were close to the Dongshui branch of Zhuang Dong ethnic group,the closest to Dong,followed by Shui.Gejia had the head and face features of the South Asian type ethnic group,which was closer to Zhuang Dong eth-nic group,suggesting that the origin of Gejia ethnic group should be a branch of Baiyue.