压力容器开孔补强问题分析

Analysis of Pressure Vessel Opening Reinforcement Problem

在压力容器设计过程中,由于工艺和结构的要求,需要在容器上开孔和安装接管以连接外部管道。但是一个完整而连续的容器壳体开孔后,不仅会导致整体强度削弱,而且会造成开孔处应力集中。另外,开孔接管处通常会受到各种外载荷、温度变化导致的管道伸缩、相连管道振动等因素的影响。在多种原因的综合作用下,失效现象就会发生在开孔边缘处,主要表现为疲劳破坏和脆性裂纹,因此在压力容器的设计过程中必须全面分析和充分考虑开孔补强问题。

In the process of pressure vessel design,due to the requirements of process and structure,it is necessary to open holes in the vessel and install nozzle to connect the external pipe.However,a complete and continuous opening of the container shell will not only cause the overall strength to weaken,but also cause the stress concentration at the opening.In addition,the opening nozzle is usually affected by various external loads,pipe expansion caused by temperature changes,and vibration of connected pipes.Under the comprehensive action of many reasons,the failure phenomenon will occur at the edge of the opening,mainly manifested as fatigue failure and brittle cracks,so the problem of opening reinforcement must be comprehensively analyzed and fully considered in the design process of the pressure vessel.