快速城市化下农村居民点时空演变特征及机制——以广州中新镇为例

Spatiotemporal Evolution Features and Influencing Mechanisms Impacting Rural Settlements Experiencing Rapid Urbanization:A Case Study of Zhongxin Town,Guangzhou

城市化快速推进背景下,农村居民点在空间布局、土地利用等方面的问题日益凸显,明晰农村居民点的时空演变特征并进一步分析其影响因素与机制,有助于把握未来农村地区现代化转型的发展方向。以广州中新镇为例,利用第二次土地利用变更调查、历年社会经济统计、实地调研等多种数据源,运用GIS空间分析法、核密度分析法等方法分析镇域2009-2018年农村居民点的时空演变特征,并结合实地调研和资料分析进一步探究其影响因素和基本机制。研究指出:(1)农村居民点用地规模在十年间不断扩张,呈现“人增地增”演变趋势,且向中南部转移、向镇区及其周边地区集聚的趋势明显;(2)镇域农村居民点斑块数量呈现细小化、破碎化增加的演变趋势,在空间上表现为集聚程度上升且地域差异显著,总体呈现“南密北疏”和“两核多团”的分布格局;(3)镇域农村居民点用地时空演变受自然环境资源、经济发展提升、综合区位条件、政府用地政策多种因素综合作用影响,其中,自然环境资源奠定了农村居民点基本的空间格局,经济发展提升的直接驱动力、综合区位条件的外部扩展力、政府用地政策的严格管控力三者共同作用影响了农村居民点的时空演变特征。

In the context of rapid urbanization,rural settlements demonstrate increasing problems in spatial layout and land use which restrict the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.To this end,urban planning and urban geography have studied spatial layout,spatiotemporal evolution,and land use of rural settlements.Despite this,there are still many problems to be solved in terms of region scale,evolution features,technological methods,and influencing factors.As a town in the east of Guangzhou,Zhongxin Town is a typical area of rapid urbanization.Studying the spatiotemporal evolution features of rural settlements in Zhongxin Town and analyzing relevant influencing factors and mechanisms contribute to optimizing future development and modernization of rural areas.In this study,spatiotemporal evolution features(e.g.,land use scale expansion,quantitative sequential variation and spatial distribution)of rural settlements in Zhongxin Town,Guangzhou from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed for total land use scale and patch spatial structure using GIS spatial analysis,kernel density analysis,and other quantitative methods based on multiple data sources such as surveys of land use changes,annual socio-economic statistics,and field surveys.The evolution and influencing mechanisms were further investigated by incorporating a field survey and data analysis.Results showed that external development promotion and the strengthening"siphon"in Shuangzhen District has caused continual expansion of rural settlement land use scale over the past ten years,demonstrating the current development trend of"slow first and then fast".Furthermore,a special evolution feature of"increasing population and increasing land area"during rapid urbanization was identified.Spatially,land use for rural settlements shifts to the central and southern areas,concentrating in town areas and immediate surroundings.In terms of spatial structure,the results show that the continuous progress of urbanization causes the number of rural settlements in the town to become increasingly small and fragmented as a response to social network changes and the strengthening of non-agricultural transfer.Such evolution manifests in an increasing degree of agglomeration and significant regional differences.There's generally a distribution pattern of"high density in south and low density in north"and"two cores and multiple clusters".The spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements in towns is further affected by the natural environment and resources,improvement of economic development,comprehensive location conditions,and government policies for land use.The natural environment and resources are the foundation of both rural settlement development and the construction of the basic spatial distribution pattern.The improvement of economic development is an external manifestation of urbanization.The improvement of economic development influences production income and directly drives spatiotemporal evolution.The comprehensive location condition drives regional outward expansion and indirectly drives the spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements due to strengthening the transportation system and facility supply.Government policies for land use are an internal effective means of urbanization development,and contribute to the phenomenon of continuous urban land use growth and disorderly expansion of rural settlements under the guidance of differential control and lagging supervision.This has profound impacts on the spatiotemporal evolution of rural settlements.