夏热冬暖地区公共建筑的高大中庭气候适应性设计——以广州新华学院图书馆为例

Climate Adaptive Design of Tall Atriums in Public Buildings in Year-Round Hot Climates:A Case Study of the Library of Guangzhou,Xinhua University

围绕夏热冬暖地区高大中庭的能耗与室内环境等问题,通过分析高大中庭的空间特征,挖掘其气候适应性设计的关键点,从中庭开启界面设计和季节性调控两方面入手,归纳该气候区高大中庭的气候适应性设计策略。研究在广州新华学院图书馆中庭中应用气候适应性设计策略,分析不同风速下室内热舒适度随时间变化的关系,采用CFD数字软件对不同中庭开启界面的方案进行自然通风模拟,确定高大中庭通风口布置方案与自然通风调控方式。最终使广州新华学院图书馆中庭充分利用过渡季的自然适宜气候,从而大幅降低了运行能耗,并营造出更为健康的室内环境。

Climate adaptive design for tall atriums has received increasing attention in areas with hot summers and warm winters.Tall atriums face particular challenges in these conditions,such as high energy consumption for air-conditioning and poor indoor thermal comfort in summer and transition seasons.Therefore,architects tend to apply a combination of active and passive design strategies to lower energy consumption and improve indoor thermal comfort.However,it takes time to transition between active and passive designs;this transition is ambiguous in practical design processes.This study explores the climate adaptive design strategies of tall atriums in areas with hot summers and warm winters,discussing how to increase passive design and decrease active design.First,the spatial features of tall atriums and background research were analyzed,and key elements of climate adaptive design were extracted.Tall atriums in areas with hot summers and warm winters face the issue of air-conditioning or not in different seasons.This mainly manifests in the switching process between passive technology and active technology.In the climate adaptive design of tall atriums it is advisable to prioritize human comfort and extend the duration of human comfort,and decrease air-conditioning's energy consumption by strengthening passive design.Second,the study concludes that climate adaptive design strategies for tall atriums in such climate zones mainly focus on climate interface design and seasonal control strategies.Climate interface design of atriums centers adjusting the positions and sizes of openings,facilitating cooling and dehumidification through natural ventilation.The seasonal control strategy is to formulate control measures in accordance to indoor environment in different seasons and periods.Finally,climate adaptive design strategies were applied to the library atrium of Guangzhou Xinhua University.It optimizes the climate boundaries of tall atriums and the natural ventilation effect of the indoor environment by adjusting the size and position of openings according to the outdoor wind environment and spatial morphology of the atrium.Data on natural ventilation were acquired from the annual psychrometric chart.The thermal environment parameters of the atrium during opening hours of the library in the transition season(June)were simulated by Ladybug+Honeybee.The hourly APMV values of the indoor environment under different wind speeds during this period were calculated by Python and the effects of wind speed on thermal comfort in the atrium were analyzed.Later,a natural ventilation model of the atrium was built and boundary conditions were set.A comparative analysis of natural ventilation conditions in major activity regions in the atrium under 5 working conditions was carried out using CFD digital simulation software.It was verified that Condition 5 meets the design goals.Conversely,seasonal control strategies were formulated.The switching mode and time between active and passive designs can be controlled and the air-conditioning time during transition seasons can be decreased according to climatic conditions.For example,the indoor wind speed increased to 0.470m/s-0.665m/s from Condition 1 to Condition 5 in June,and the time required for natural ventilation to satisfy indoor thermal comfort increased from about 51 hours to 200 hours,which is equivalent to decreasing air-conditioning time by 149 hours.Results show there's potential for energy conservation in all atriums in areas with hot summers and warm winters while switching between active and passive designs.Climate adaptive design strategies for tall atriums should prioritize human comfort.The effect of passive design should be strengthened and the proportion of active design decreased through climate interface design and seasonal control strategies.The optimum design scheme of the Guangzhou Xinhua University library atrium makes full use of the natural climate in the transition seasons,thus significantly decreasing energy consumption and creating a better indoor environment.