龙舟竞渡中的先贤崇拜渊源及演变

The Origin and Evolution of the Worship of the Ancient Sage in the Dragon Boat Race

龙舟竞渡是中国古代重要的民俗体育活动。学者们认为龙舟竞渡起源于先民对水神的祭祀。秦汉以后,龙舟竞渡是为了纪念屈原等先贤。因此,龙舟竞渡实现了从神灵祭祀到先贤崇拜的转换。龙舟竞渡与所纪念的先贤之间的联系成为各地百姓根据当地历史文化附会而成的依据。华南地区傍水而生的地理环境使得当地先民形成了水神崇拜心理及竞渡祭神活动。在社会发展过程中,先贤的形象与水神崇拜相耦合,并在龙神文化及百姓求安心理的影响下被神化成为纪念的对象。龙舟竞渡因官方的推动与内在娱乐性在后世发展成为全国共同的习俗,对先贤的崇拜也由区域性随之演变为民族集体性。

Dragon boat race is an important folk sports activity in ancient China.Scholars believe that it originated from the sacrifice to the water god.After the Qin and Han Dynasties,the dragon boat race was generally considered to commemorate Qu Yuan and other sages,which realized the transformation from the god sacrifice to the sage worship.The connection between the sages commemorated by the dragon boat race and the dragon boat race is formed by the local people in accordance with the local history and culture.The geographical environment near the water in South China made the local ancestors form the psychology of worshiping the water god and the activities of races to worship the god.In the process of social development,the images of the sages were coupled with the worship of the water god,and under the influence of the dragon god culture and the people s psychology of seeking safety,they were deified and became the objects of remembrance.The dragon boat race developed into a national custom due to the official promotion and internal entertainment,and the worship of the sages also evolved from regional to national collectivity.