宋代官员自劾现象析论

An Analysis of the Phenomenon of Self Impeachment of Officials in the Song Dynasty

宋代官员自劾现象较为普遍,他们出于失职、灾异、反对朝廷某项政策等原因而向朝廷自劾。宋廷对其处置视具体情况而定,情节轻者予以奖赏或劝慰,严重者则是贬谪或罢黜等。宋代官员自劾还存在自劾数量多于前朝、北宋官员自劾数量多于南宋等特点。官员自劾作为一种社会现象,其背后具有深刻的政治涵义,不仅是宋代官员据理力争、约束皇权的重要方式,还是其引咎自责、自我反省精神的体现,更是其规避党争、明哲保身的重要途径。

The phenomenon of self impeachment among officials in the Song Dynasty was quite common.They self impeached for reasons such as dereliction of duty,disaster,and opposition to a certain policy of the court.The handling of them by the Song court depends on the specific situation,with rewards or consolation given to those with minor circumstances,and demotion or dismissal for those with serious circumstances.The self impeachment of officials in the Song Dynasty also had the characteristics of having more self impeachment than in the previous dynasties,and having more self impeachment of officials in the Northern Song Dynasty than in the Southern Song Dynasty.Official self impeachment,as a social phenomenon,has profound political implications behind it.It is not only an important way for officials in the Song Dynasty to argue and restrain imperial power,but also a manifestation of their spirit of self blame and self reflection.It is also an important way for them to avoid party disputes and maintain their integrity.