数字科技伦理监管的理论框架、国际经验与中国借鉴

Theoretical Framework,International Experience,and China's Reference to Ethical Supervision of Digital Technology

在数字科技主导的新一轮技术革命加速演化进程中产生了诸多道德伦理冲突与社会问题,因而构建一套契合数字科技发展规律的数字科技伦理监管体系尤为必要。在构建数字科技伦理监管的“有效市场—有为政府—有力社会”的监管框架下,本文着重梳理分析全球主要发达国家或地区数字科技伦理监管的主要主体、重点议题与政策布局、监管模式等,在主要主体方面涵盖政府、行业协会与社会组织、企业等多重主体;在重点议题与政策布局方面涵盖人工智能伦理、大数据伦理、区块链伦理等方面;在监管模式方面涵盖立法主导式、“整体政府”统筹式、“泛国家”统筹式、政府部门与跨政府组织联动式、多元社会主体分散参与式等多重差异性监管模式与机制。本文认为,中国应加快构建契合中国国情的数字科技伦理监管体系,在监管制度设计方面重视政府立法的前瞻性引导作用,充分发挥地方政府监管的自主性与积极性,在监管模式设计方面需要形成政府、企业与社会多元主体共同参与的监管模式,在监管合作层面需要加快形成面向国际社会广泛合作交流的数字科技伦理监管体系。

In recent years,with the continuous evolution of a new round of technological revolution,the new generation of digital technologies have produced extensive production effects and enabling and penetration effects in various fields of economy and society.Countries around the world have accelerated their macro strategic layout and policy deployment for digital technology,digital economy,and digital industry.Similarly,China attaches great importance to the development of the digital economy,which has become the dominant force in the national economy.However,digital technology,as the underlying technology for the evolution of the digital economy and the development of the digital industry,has directly or indirectly generated a large number of negative social issues during innovation and application development.Ethical regulation of digital technology has gradually become an important component of the regulatory system for the digital economy in major developed countries and China.From existing research,there are four main lines of research on ethical regulation of digital technology.The first one is to analyze the connotation of ethical regulation of digital technology.The second one is to conduct research on the key content and dominant mode design of ethical regulation of digital technology in specific technical fields.The third one revolves around the main micro entities of digital technology innovation and application,including the reshaping of digital platform enterprise regulation and social responsibility governance paradigms.The fourth one is to summarize and refine the main trends and regulatory models of ethical regulation of digital technology in different countries.This paper attempts to establish a general theoretical framework for ethical regulation of digital technology,focusing on extracting the general laws and main trends of global ethical regulation of digital technology from the perspective of major developed countries worldwide.The research results indicate that firstly,the construction of an ethical regulatory system requires the formation of a regulatory framework of"effective market,promising government,and powerful society".Secondly,ethical regulation of digital technology in major developed countries worldwide is primarily overseen by multiple regulatory entities,including governments,enterprises,and industry associations.Thirdly,the main fields of regulation in major developed countries cover artificial intelligence ethics,algorithm ethics,big data privacy and security,blockchain technology for financial security,and other aspects;in terms of regulatory models,there are multiple differentiated regulatory models and mechanisms,including legislative leadership,comprehensive government coordination,linkage between government and inter-governmental organizations,and decentralized participation of diverse social entities.Compared to existing research,this study has made contributions in two aspects.At the theoretical level,the necessity,rationality,and value of ethical regulation of digital technology lack comprehensive elucidation.This paper attempts to construct a general theoretical framework from the perspective of the"government-market-society".At the practical and policy levels,it summarizes the main policy deployment and regulatory content of ethical regulation of digital technology in major developed countries or regions,providing policy inspiration for the Chinese government to establish an ethical regulation of digital technology system that is suitable for China's national conditions and aligns with global trends.