广西腺枝葡萄‘桂黑珍珠3号’果实品质差异解析

Analysis on Fruit Quality Difference of Vitis Adenoclada Hand.-Mazz‘Gui Heizhenzhu No.3’in Guangxi

以罗城和武鸣生产的腺枝葡萄‘桂黑珍珠3号’为试材,结合两地的气候条件,调查该品种在两地的物候期、果实品质与气候因子的差异。结果显示,葡萄生长季(4—9月)的有效积温、采收前3个月平均温度之和、光照时数3个指标以武鸣较高,浆果成熟月降水量和采收前2个月水热系数以罗城较高;武鸣‘桂黑珍珠3号’各物候期开始时间早于罗城6~17 d;罗城‘桂黑珍珠3号’成熟果实的果粒大、种子多,白藜芦醇和单宁含量指标优于武鸣;另外,罗城成熟期果实中检出的挥发性代谢物种类和含量总体高于武鸣,尤其以芳樟醇和α-松油醇两个具有典型花香类的萜类化合物含量更高。相关分析表明,‘桂黑珍珠3号’果实粒质量除与纵径、横径和芳樟醇含量呈极显著正相关外,还与果实L^(*)和α-松油醇含量呈显著正相关,与a^(*)呈显著负相关;果实籽粒数、籽质量和皮质量与白藜芦醇和单宁含量无显著相关性。综上认为,相对气温低、海拔高是罗城腺枝葡萄‘桂黑珍珠3号’物候期晚、生育期长、酚类及挥发性化合物丰富的主要原因。

Vitis Adenoclada Hand.-Mazz'Gui Heizhenzhu No.3'in Luocheng and Wuming regions were used as experimental materials to investigate the differences of phenology,fruit quality and climate factors in two regions,and to analyze the correlation between fruit quality indicators.The results showed that the effective accumulated temperature during growing season(April to September),the sum of average temperature in three months before harvest and sunshine hours in Wuming were higher than those in Luocheng.The precipitation of berries in mature months and the hydrothermal coefficient in two months before harvest were higher in Luocheng than in Wuming.The beginning time of each phenophase of'Gui Heizhenzhu No.3'in Wuming was 6-17 days earlier than in Luocheng;Luocheng had heavier fruit,more seeds,higher content of resveratrol and tannin than Wuming.In addition,the kinds and contents of volatile metabolites of Luocheng detected in mature fruits were generally higher than Wuming,especially linalool andα-terpineol,which had typical floral terpenes.Correlation analysis showed that berry weight of'Gui Heizhenzhu No.3'extremely significant positive correlated with fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and linalool,and positively correlated with fruit L^(*)value andα-terpineol,and negatively correlated with a^(*)value;there was no significant correlation between seed number,seed weight and peel weight of fruit and the contents of resveratrol and tannin.In conclusion,lower temperature and higher altitude were the main reasons for the later phenological period,longer growth period,richer phenols and volatile compounds of'Gui Heizhenzhu No.3'grape in Luocheng.